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Aviation / Aerospace

Bell H-13 Sioux

Light Utility / Observation Helicopter [ 1947 ]

The Bell H-13 Sioux became the militarized evolution of the famous Bell Model 47 line.

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 06/07/2018 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site.

Image copyright www.MilitaryFactory.com; No Reproduction Permitted.

GO TO SPECIFICATIONS [+]

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The "helicopter" saw development during World War 2 (1939-1945) and some were in fact used by the Germans in the latter phases of the conflict. For the United States, Bell Helicopters had adopted the designs of Arthur M. young which gave rise to the Model 30 prototype. This prototype then became the basis for the famous Model 47 of which 5,600 were produced from 1946 to 1974 and utilized by a plethora of global operators in both civilian and military guises. The United States Army adopted the Model 47 under the designation of H-13 "Sioux" and this little helicopter served extensively through the Korean War (1950-1953) while seeing some used in the early phases of the Vietnam War (1950-1975) as well. Approximately 2,400 examples of this form were built and stocked the inventories of many global militaries. First flight of the prototype was recorded on December 8th, 1945. The platform served the US Army, Air Force and Navy during its long tenure while UK-based Westland produced the type under license as the Sioux AH.1/HT.2.

The H-13 marked the first large-scale procurement of a helicopter into the US military inventory and became the first helicopter type aircraft to arrive in the Korean Theater of War. It also marked the first US Army helicopter to carry an American Indian tribal name ("Sioux"), still a practice today as proven by the Boeing AH-64 "Apache" and Bell OH-58 "Kiowa".

At its core, the foundation of the Model 47 was clearly apparent in the H-13. The design would eventually evolve into the "classic" Model 47 "look" complete with bubble canopy, skeletal tail unit and skid undercarriage. Their utilitarian appearance granted them utilitarian-minded roles in military service - from light scout to MEDEVAC among many others. There was seating for two to three persons in standard forms while power was served through a Franklin or Lycoming engine. In either guise, the powerplant of the H-13 was used to drive a two-blade main rotor and a two-blade tail rotor, the latter as an anti-torque feature to counter the pull presented by the main rotor blades.

The initial militarized Model 47 fell to the US Air Force as the YR-13 (Model 47A) in 1947 - 28 airframes following - and these were powered by a Franklin O-335-1 piston engine of 175 horsepower. YR-13A models were "winterized" for Arctic use in Alaskan airspace and saw three examples produced. In 1948, the US Army followed suit and ordered the line as the H-13. US Navy models were designated HTL-1 with the HTL-2 being based on the civilian Model 47D and twelve examples were produced. HTL-3 was based on the Model 47E and outfitted with the Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine of 200 horsepower. Nine examples were produced. HTL-4 became the definitive mark of the US Navy line and was redesignated as TH-13L. HTL-5 was outfitted with the Lycoming O-33505 engine. TH-13M was the HTL-6 redesignated and featuring an added elevator.

H-13B served the US Army from 1948 onwards and numbered 65 examples in production. YH-13C was reserved as an active testbed and begat the H-13C production mark of which sixteen emerged as conversions from the H-13B line. The H-13D was a basic two-seat observation model based on the Model 47D-1 and powered by a Franklin O-335-5 series engine. 87 were produced in all. The OH-13E was an H-13D with seating for three and dual-controls for both pilot positions - 490 were produced. XH-13F was the Model 47G airframe modified to take on the Continental XT51-T3 turbine engine. The OH-13G was a three-seat form of the Model 47G and 265 were accepted by the US Army. The OH-13H was the Model 47G-2 powered by a Lycoming VO-435 engine of 250 horsepower. US Army usage numbered 450 examples while the USAF took stock of some as the UH-13H. The UH-13J (H-13J) were a pair of revised Model 47J-1s for USAF VIP service. The OH-13K were a pair of modified H-13H models with a Franklin 6VS-335 engine of 225 horsepower to serve as testbeds. OH-13S was adopted by the US Army across 265 examples and were Model 47G-3Bs with seating for three. The TH-13T was a trainer variant based on the Model 47G-3B-1 and outfitted with the Lycoming TVO-435-D1B engine of 270 horsepower. At least 411 were taken on by the US Army.

Sioux AH.1 models were a British Army mark - the Model 47G-3B1 produced in 250 examples by Westland. The Sioux HT.2 was its trainer derivative and served the Royal Air Force through 15 examples manufactured by Westland. Italian-based Agusta produced the AH.1 as well and this numbered 50 examples.©MilitaryFactory.com

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Operators beyond the United States, United Kingdom and Italy proved plentiful and included Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, India, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Spain, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela among others (see variants section for full listing).

During the Korean War, the H-13 was utilized in various battlefield roles. Its size made them air-transportable in the hold of a Fairchild C-119 "Flying Boxcar" lifter. Some 56 H-13s were available at the beginning of the war in 1950, this stock made up primarily of YH-13A and H-13B models. The initial group to arrive in Korea was the 2nd Helicopter Detachment during November of 1950.

While the aircraft is primarily remembered for its MEDEVAC service through M.A.S.H. ("Mobile Army Surgical Hospital"), the type proved equally valuable in reconnaissance, wire-laying, mission liaison, general service and pilot training roles. Controls were relatively simple and the instrument panel compact while the transparent canopy offered excellent vision out of the cockpit for both crew. As a trainer, it was the stepping stone for pilots entering the H-19 "Chickasaw" piloting program. It also served as a training platform for Transportation Corps prior to their arrival in Korea and for Apollo astronauts to experience auto-rotation sink rates.

Of course the moving of wounded played a crucial role to Army/Air Force operations across the Peninsula where an H-13 could carry a pair of medical litters over the unforgiving Korean terrain to provide faster assistance to the wounded - speedier than any all-terrain vehicle could over miles of uneven, rocky land. Over time, modifications were added to patient areas such as heat and protection from the elements to provide some comfort thousands of feet in the air. Blood replacement could even be handled by way of a plasma bottle holder fitted to the inside of the crew cabin. H-13s provided such a valuable service in the war that they were dubbed "Angles of Mercy". Indeed, a single H-13 pilot was credited with moving some 922 personnel through 545 sorties in a term lasting 14 months.

In 1952, the H-13 took part in a pair of large-scale resupply operations. The first one lasted seven days and involved just a single H-13 hauling some 20,000lbs to awaiting combat engineers atop a mountain. In the second, lengthier, 10-day operation, several H-13s hauled 17,000lbs of goods and reinforcements to allied infantry elements 800 yards behind enemy lines, also atop a mountain.

While typically unarmed, some Army H-13S models were outfitted with skid-mounted air-to-surface rockets and could additionally mount a pair of 0.30 caliber machine guns. Anti-tank missiles were photographed on at least one H-13, the missiles held outboard along wide spanning structural appendages. H-13 operations could also benefit from accompanying Bell UH-1 "gunships" better armed to provide covering fire and support in enemy-controlled areas.

The H-13 persevered into the Cold War years and saw extended service in the Vietnam War. At the start of the conflict, there were 861 H-13s in service. December of 1961 saw the arrival of the 8th and 57th Transportation Companies at Saigon and these were made up of OH-13E and CH-21 models. Operations continued into 1962 primarily in an observation role. H-13s were eventually superseded in the US Army inventory by the more modern Bell OH-58 "Kiowa" series of 1969.

While no longer in widespread use, some H-13 and related models still serve in an active role with militaries and civilian parties of the world.©MilitaryFactory.com

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Specifications

Service Year

1947

Origin

United States

Status

RETIRED
Not in Service.

Crew

1

Production

2,400
UNITS

Bell Helicopters - USA

(View other Aviaton-Related Manufacturers)

Argentina; Australia; Austria; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Cuba; Ecuador; France; Germany; Greece; Iceland; Indonesia; India; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Malaysia; Malta; Mexico; New Zealand; Norway; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Senegal; South Yemen; Spain; Thailand; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Venezuela

(OPERATORS list includes past, present, and future operators when applicable)

✓ Close-Air Support (CAS)
Developed to operate in close proximity to active ground elements by way of a broad array of air-to-ground ordnance and munitions options.

✓ Special-Mission: MEDical EVACuation (MEDEVAC)
Extraction of wounded combat or civilian elements by way of specialized onboard equipment and available internal volume or external carrying capability.

✓ Special-Mission: Search & Rescue (SAR)
Ability to locate and extract personnel from areas of potential harm or peril (i.e. downed airmen in the sea).

✓ Transport
General transport functionality to move supplies/cargo or personnel (including wounded and VIP) over range.

✓ VIP Service
Used in the Very-Important-Person (VIP) passenger transport role, typically with above-average amenities and luxuries as standard.

✓ Intelligence-Surveillance-Reconnaissance (ISR), Scout
Surveil ground targets / target areas to assess environmental threat levels, enemy strength, or enemy movement.

✓ Training (General)
Developed ability to be used as a dedicated trainer for student pilots (typically under the supervision of an instructor).

Length

31.6 ft
(9.63 m)

Width/Span

37.1 ft
(11.30 m)

Height

9.7 ft
(2.95 m)

MTOW

3,086 lb
(1,400 kg)

(Showcased structural values pertain to the Bell Sioux AH.1 production variant)

Installed: 1 x Lycoming TVO-435-A1A engine developing 260 horsepower while driving two-bladed main rotor and two-bladed tail rotor.

Max Speed

106 mph
(170 kph | 92 kts)

Ceiling

16,076 ft
(4,900 m | 3 mi)

Range

273 mi
(440 km | 815 nm)

♦ MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

♦

(Showcased performance specifications pertain to the Bell Sioux AH.1 production variant. Performance specifications showcased above are subject to environmental factors as well as aircraft configuration. Estimates are made when Real Data not available. Compare this aircraft entry against any other in our database or View aircraft by powerplant type)

Typically none though some wartime variants were fielded with 2 x 0.30 caliber medium machine guns, aerial rockets, or 2 x Air-to-surface anti-tank missiles on outboard skid mountings.

Supported Types

Graphical image of an aircraft medium machine gun

Graphical image of an aircraft anti-tank guided missile

Graphical image of aircraft aerial rockets

(Not all ordnance types may be represented in the showcase above)

Hardpoint Mountings: 2

H-13 - Base series designation

YR-13 - USAF/Army mark

HTL-1 - US Navy mark

YR-13A - Winterized YR-13 models; 3 examples

H-13B - US Army model; 65 examples

YH-13C - H-13B aircraft serving as testbed; single example.

H-13C - H-13B modified with skeletal empennage and skid undercarriage; 16 examples.

H-13D - US Army Model 47D-1; two-seat variant with Franklin O-335-5 engine; 87 examples.

OH-13E - H-13D with dual-controls and seating for three; 490 examples.

XH-13F - Model 47G with Continental XT51-T-3 turbine engine.

OH-13G - Model 57G with seating for three; elevator on tailboom; 265 examples.

OH-13H - Model 47G-2 with Lycoming VO-435 engine of 250 horsepower; 453 examples.

UH-13H - USAF designation of OH-13H

UH-13J - Model 47J-1 Rangers for USAF VIp use; two examples.

OH-13K - H-13H models with larger-diameter main rotor blades; powered by Franklin 6VS-335 engine.

HH-13Q - US Coast Guard SAR model; originally as the HUL-1G.

HUL-1G - US Coast Guard model designation of HH-13Q.

UH-13R - Powered by Allison YT63-A-3 turboshaft engine; redesignated from HUL-1M.

HUL-1M - Original US Navy designation for UH-13R

OH-13S - Model 47G-3B three-seat scout; 265 examples.

TH-13T - Trainer version based on Model 47G-3B-1; fitted with Lycoming TVO-435-D1B engine; 411 examples.

HTL-2 - US Navy Model 47D; 12 examples

HTL-3 - US Navy Model 47E; fitting Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine of 200 horsepower; nine examples.

HTL-4 - Redesignated to TH-13L

HTL-5 - Fittng Lycoming O-335-5 engine

HTL-6 - Added elevator; redesignated to TH-13M

TH-13L - Redesignated HTL-4 model

TH-13M - Redesignated HTL-6 model

Sioux AH.1 - British/Italian Army models based on Model 47G-3B1; 250 produced by Westland and 50 by Agusta.

Sioux HT.2 - Trainer variant for RAF; 15 examples produced under Westland Aircraft.

General Assessment

Firepower

Performance

Survivability

Versatility

Impact

Values are derrived from a variety of categories related to the design, overall function, and historical influence of this aircraft in aviation history.

Overall Rating

The overall rating takes into account over 60 individual factors related to this aircraft entry.

26

Rating is out of a possible 100 points.

Relative Maximum Speed

Hi: 120mph

Lo: 60mph

This entry's maximum listed speed (106mph).

Graph average of 90 miles-per-hour.

City-to-City Ranges

NYC

LON

PAR

BER

MOS

TOK

SYD

LAX

NYC

Bell Sioux AH.1 operational range when compared to distances between major cities (in KM).

Max Altitude Visualization

Design Balance

The three qualities reflected above are altitude, speed, and range.

Aviation Era Span

Showcasing era cross-over of this aircraft design.

Unit Production (2,400)

2400

36183

44000

Compared against Ilyushin IL-2 (military) and Cessna 172 (civilian).

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