Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova)

Semi-Automatic Pistol [ 1951 ]

The Makarov PM served as the standard Soviet Army pistol for forty years, ending its reign in 1991.

Authored By: Dan Alex | Last Edited: 03/15/2022 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site.

This Makarov PM 9mm pistol is among the items captured by coalition forces after a battle with Taliban insurgents

VIEW SPECIFICATIONS [+]

The Makarov PM ("Pistolet Makarova") was designed and developed to replace the Soviet World War 2-era Tokarev TT-33 series semi-automatic pistol. The PM was based on the excellent qualities of the German Walther PP, a family of blow-back operated pistols appearing in 1935 and seeing extensive action throughout World War 2. The type proved of such a most excellent design that it led to both legal and illegal production copies of the type in the decades following its introduction. The Makarov PM was one such illegal copy and entered service in 1951. Despite its 1950s origins, it can still be found in the active Russian inventory as well as in use with other armies worldwide.

Design of the PM was attributed to none other than Nikolay Makarov, a firearms engineer having graduated from the Tula State University. Makarov would go on to claim designs leading to the operational acceptance of the AM-23 cannon, the 9K111 "Fagot" man-portable missile launcher and the 9M113 "Konkurs" wire-guided missile. However, the Makarov PM would be his first true claim to fame for the Soviet Army. Production of his PM pistol would be handled in the Soviet Union by Izhevsk Mechanical Factory.

A design competition was held by Soviet authorities looking to replace the outgoing TT-33 series pistol. Makarov selected the Walther 9mm Ultra round as his starting point and developed his gun around it. The ammunition in the Soviet inventory would take the applicable name of "9x18mm Makarov". The 9mm Makarov was similar in some respects to the 9mm Short cartridge with featured a longer casing. This produced a pistol cartridge that proved shorter than the 9mm Parabellum and made for a very unique - if decidedly Soviet - cartridge design overall. This allowed the some level of protection in ensuring that the pistol could only work with Soviet "in-house" ammunition and could not be used in numbers against their original owners in a time of full scale war. In the end, the 9mm Makarov was essentially the largest cartridge size applicable to safely firing from the blowback operation system.

Design of the receiver was nothing more than simply following the lines of the original Walther PP pistol but to a slightly larger scale. The pistol measured in at 160mm with a 98mm barrel assembly featuring four grooves and a right-hand twist. The magazine was a spring-loaded 8-round detachable box that was conventionally inserted in through the bottom of the hand grip. Muzzle velocity was rated at 1,070 feet per second and the firing operation was, of course, blowback in nature. The trigger system offered both double-action and single-action operation and effective range was listed out to 50 meters. Some specialized models were later equipped with magazine counts of 10- and 12-rounds. Sighting was accomplished by way of a bladed front and an adjustable notch rear sight. Overall, the PM exhibited very well-countered and clean lines throughout, featuring some vertical ribbing near the main portion of the receiver. The trigger was curved forward and protected in an oblong trigger ring. Safety and other pertinent mechanical functions were set along the left side of the receiver within reach of the operator's thumb. The slide featured slab sides and nicely curved upper and lower surfaces. The rounded hammer spur protruded from the rear of the receiver ever so slightly but was still noticeable. The ejection port was fitted along the right side of the receiver, launching spent shell casings upwards and away from the operator.

The operator initiated the firing action by pulling back on the slide to cock the hammer and introduce a fresh cartridge into the firing chamber. Semi-automatic action occurred after the firing of each round as the pistol was automatically recocked and the chamber reloaded with a fresh cartridge. The operator could then let-off as many rounds as were available. Upon emptying of the magazine, the slide locked open for prevention of subsequent firing and to visibly inform the operator that a reload was required. The empty magazine was released via a release lever at the base of the pistol grip.

The Makarov PM was revised to become the Makarov PMM in 1990. This version elevated the muzzle velocity of the original action. The hand grip was modified for better ergonomics and the firing chamber saw grooves added. A 12-round magazine was also introduced.

Beyond manufacture of the gun by IMF, the PM was produced to foreign markets by notable licensed contributors Ernst Thaelmann / Simson (Suhl) of Germany, Arsenal of Bulgaria and NORINCO of China. Notable operators would go on to include Afghanistan, China (as the Type 59 of 1959), Cuba, East Germany, Georgia, Iraq, Laos, North Korea, Poland, Syria and Ukraine among others.

Civilian market versions of the PM soon appeared and similar versions made their way out of both Hungary and Poland. When the Berlin Wall fell in Germany, the unified country had thousands of existing Makarov PM pistols to manage from the joining East German military and security forces.©MilitaryFactory.com

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Specifications

Izhevsk Mechanical Factory - USSR / Ernst Thaelman-Simson - Germany / Arsenal - Bulgaria / NORINCO - China
Manufacturer(s)

Afghanistan; Angola; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; Belarus; China; Cuba; East Germany; Georgia; Iraq; Kazakhstan; Laos; Latvia; Lithuania; Macedonia; Malta; Moldova; Mongolia; Mozambique; Nicaragua; North Korea; Poland; Soviet Union; Russia; Syria; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan
Operators

1951
Service Year

Soviet Union
National Origin

PISTOL / SIDEARM
Compact design for close-quarters work or general self-defense.

161 mm
(6.34 inches)
Overall Length

93 mm
(3.66 inches)
Barrel Length

1.61 lb
(0.73 kg)
Empty Weight

Blowback
Action

BLOWBACK OPERATION
Gas pressure from the rearward movement of the ignited cartridge case provides the needed bolt movement, ejecting the spent case and stripping a fresh case from the magazine.

9x18mm Makarov
Caliber(s)
May not represent an exhuastive list; Calibers may be model-specific dependent; Always consult official manufacturer sources.

8-, 10- or 12-round detachable box magazine
Rounds

Adjustable Notch Rear; Blade Front.
Sights

Material presented above is for historical and entertainment value and should not be construed as usable for hardware restoration, maintenance, or general operation - always consult official manufacturer sources for such information.

164 feet
(50 meters | 55 yards)
Max Effective Range

1,033 ft/sec
(315 m/sec)
Muzzle Velocity

Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova) - Base Production Series Designation

Type 59 - Chinese NORINCO designation of Makarov copies.

Baikal-442 - Baikal-produced sport version

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Images

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Image of the Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova)

This Makarov PM 9mm pistol is among the items captured by coalition forces after a battle with Taliban insurgents

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A US soldier trials the Russian Makarov PM 9mm semi-automatic pistol

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