Kalashnikov AK-74 (M1974) Assault Rifle

Specifications

Year: 1978
Manufacturer(s): Izhmash / Kalashnikov - Soviet Union
Roles: Frontline/Assault;

Action: Gas-Operated; Rotating Bolt
Caliber(s): 5.45x39mm
Sights: Iron Front and Rear; Optional Optics.
Overall Length: 943 mm (37.13 in)
Barrel Length: 415 mm (16.34 in)
Weight (Unloaded): 7.28 lb (3.30 kg)

Muzzle Velocity: 2,952 feet-per-second (900 meters-per-second)
Rate-of-Fire: 650 rounds-per-minute

Operators: Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bulgaria; Cyprus; Georgia; East Germany; Iraq; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Moldova; Mongolia; Namibia; North Korea; Pakistan; Poland; Romania; Russia; Soviet Union; Syria; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan

During the 1970s, the Soviet military sought a new infantry assault weapons system chambered for an intermediate cartridge apart from the rifle round fired by the famous Kalashnikov AK-47 and its successor - the AKM (both 7.62x39mm). Mikhail Kalashnikov began work on such a solution in 1974 and returned with his AK-74 weapon chambered for the 5.45x39mm cartridge while many other facets of the design remained faithful to his original offering. Production began in earnest by 1975 and the weapon was first displayed to the West during the November 1977 Red Square Parade with Soviet airborne troops. Shortly thereafter, the AK-74 went on to become the standard-issue assault rifle of Soviet Army ground forces. From there, it saw considerable success in export and local license production initiatives by Soviet states and allies worldwide. Indeed some 5,000,000 were eventually produced with many still in circulation with world forces today.

In addition to the new cartridge, the weapon brought about use of a new bolt component and chrome-lined barrel assembly as well as a new 30-round plastic-and-steel construction detachable box magazine. Though was given to muzzle climb on full automatic by way of a muzzle compensator/brake - making for a more stable gunnery platform than previously seen. All other components were largely carried over from the AKM - a 1959 revision of the original AK-47 of 1949. The weapon weighed in at 3.3 kilograms with a 37 inch length (barrel of 16.3 inches long) and featured a gas-operated system with rotating bolt action (same as found on the AKM). Rate-of-fire was approximately 650 rounds per minute with a 2,950 feet-per-second muzzle velocity. Effective firing ranges reached out to 1,000 meters with sighting handled through an adjustable rear notch and front post arrangement. The AK-74 could also mount the GP-25 series 40mm Under Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) to broaden the tactical value of the standard infantryman.

The primary, initial variant of the line was the AK-74 noted for its solid wood buttstock. The AKS-74 was a variant given a side-folding skeletal metal stock for compactness, primarily serving specialized troops such as airborne. The AKS-74U became an automatic carbine form of contained proportions to also serve specialists not requiring the facilities of a full-length service rifle. The AKS-74UB was a special silenced version of the AKS-74U chambered for the 5.45x39mm subsonic cartridge. The AK-74M was a modernized version of 1991 with support for new generation UBGLs since introduced into the Russian military and various optics. This version became the new standard Russian service rifle.

Several full-length variants, modified for night operations with specialized optics, were given "N" designations to signify their roles including the AK-74N, the AKS-74N and the AKS-74UN.

The AK-74M was eventually evolved into a more modern fighting form (with increased use of plastics) as the AK-100 family line to include the AK-101 rifle and the AK-102 assault carbine all way to the AK-108 rifle chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO.

Operators of the AK-74 (beyond the Soviets/Russians) became Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Jordan, North Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine (among others - see operators listing for full mention). The AK-74 remains the standard service rifle of Armenia. Azerbaijan locally-produces the weapon as does Bulgaria (as the AR-M1), North Korea (as the Type 88/Type 98-1) and Romania (as the PA md. 86). Syrian airborne forces continue its wide scale use. The Polish wz. 1988 "Tantal" was a localized version of the AK-74, though since removed from frontline service from 2005 onwards. United States special forces have used the AK-74, this under the local "M1974" designation.

The AK-74 has seen fighting action since the Soviet-Afghan War of 1979-1989 and has been encountered during the Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994), the Georgian Civil War (1991-1993), the First Chechen War (1994-1996), the Second Chechen War (1999-2000), the South Ossetia War (2008) and many lesser, regional conflicts. Additionally, it is consistently seen in the ongoing War in Afghanistan (2001-Present).

Variants / Models

• AK-74 - Original production models; solid wooden butt.
• AKS-74 - Side-folding skeletal metal butt
• AKS-74U - Assault carbine form
• AK-74M - Modernized version of 1991
• AK-100 - Modernized family of firearms evolved from the AK-74 line.
• M1974 - U.S. Inventory Designation
• AR-M1 - Bulgarian variant
• Type 88 - North Korean local variant
• Type 98-1 - North Korean local variant
• Kbk wz. 1988 "Tantal" - Polish Army variant; since retired.
• MPi-AK-74N - East German designation
• MPi-AKS-74N - East German designation
• MPi-AKS-74NK - East German designation
• PA md. 86 - Romanian local variant