Since its inception in the early 1980s, the 2K22 Tunguska has provided solid missile aircraft defense support for various nations including Russia, the Ukraine and India.
The 2K22 "Tunguska" (NATO codename of SA-19 "Grisom") is a self-propelled, tracked air defense system that combines both rapid-fire automatic cannon power and surface-to-air missile capability. The targeting system relies on a radar sensor with fire control handled via IFF (Identification Friend or Foe). All of the primary tracking and engagement facilities are fitted to a traversing turret allowing for a base 360-degree arc of fire with elevation/depression at +80/-6 respectively. The vehicle is crewed by four personnel and powered by a V-46-4 turbocharged V12 water-cooled diesel engine outputting 780 horsepower. The Tunguska was developed and produced by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau between 1970 and 1980. Entering production in 1976, the Tunguska is in active service with a few forces as of this writing (2013).
As a tracked vehicle, the 2K22 has the inherent capability of moving off road as part of a mobile mechanized formation thanks to its engine fitting and hydropneumatic suspension system. The Tunguska features a top road speed of 40 miles per hour with an operational road range of 310 miles. The chassis can clear 1 meter obstacles.
Primary armament is 8 x missile launch tubes and this is supplemented by 2 x 30mm 2A38M cannons supported through 1,904 projectiles aboard. Missile support includes the 9M311, 9M311K, 9M311-1 or 9M113-M1 series missiles.
The type has since been produced in a handful of notable variants beginning with the 2K22 of 1982. The definitive production model then became the 2K22M of 1986 which was fielded on a GM-352M chassis. This was followed by the improved 2K22M1 of 1988 which was built upon the GM-5975 chassis and utilized a longer-range missile (9M311-M1) of 10 kilometers coupled to a modernized fire control system (FCS). The ultimate evolution of the Tunguska system is the 2K22M which features an all-new FCS and longer-range missile support (18 kilometers).
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Specifications
KBP Instrument Design Bureau - Soviet Union / Russia Manufacturer(s)
ANTI-AIRCRAFT / AIRSPACE DENIAL
Base model or variant can be used to search, track, and neutralize airborne elements at range.
26.0 ft (7.92 meters) Length
10.6 ft (3.23 meters) Width
13.2 ft (4.02 meters) Height
74,957 lb (34,000 kg) Weight
37.5 tons (Medium-class) Tonnage
1 x V-46-4 V12 turbocharged water-cooled diesel engine developing 780 horsepower. Drive System
40 mph (65 kph) Road Speed
311 miles (500 km) Road Range
2 x 30mm autocannons
8 x SA-19 surface-to-air missile launch tubes
AMMUNITION
1,904 x 30mm projectiles
8 x SA-19 (9M311) Surface-to-Air Missiles
2K22 "Tunguska" - Base Series Designation; variable missile types available; appearing 1982.
2K22M - Definitive production model of 1986; turret seated on GM-352M chassis.
2K22M1 - Improved 2K22M utilizing GM-5975 chassis; appearing in 2003.
2K22M (57E6) - Upgraded Tunguskas featuring modernized and improved range missile and radar tracking/engagement suite.
SA-19 "Grison" - NATO Codname
Images
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Image from the United States Department of Defense imagery database.
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