Grumman XP-50 (Skyrocket)

Twin-Engine Fighter Prototype Aircraft

United States | 1941

"The Grumman XP-50 came in a close second to the Lockheed XP-38 for the U.S. Army - the latter going on to earn legendary status for its actions in World War 2."

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 07/13/2018 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site; No A.I. was used in the generation of this content.

Firmly entrenched as an aircraft supplier to the United States Navy, the Grumman aircraft company set about to supply an equally lucrative deal with the U.S. Army to produce a hybrid high-speed pursuit fighter and light bomber platform. Having developed the radical-looking XF5F-1 Skyrocket in the late-1930's, Grumman chose to forward this concept with a few design alterations to suit Army requirements. These included the addition of a longer nose section to accommodate a nose landing gear and make for a tricycle landing system not to dissimilar to that as showcased by the Bell corporation and its "Airacobra" series. The resulting design sparked enough interest from the United States Army to contract for a flyable prototype with the designation of "XP-50".

The XP-50 showcased many similarities to its predecessor. The pilot sat in a stubby yet streamlined fuselage with the lengthened nose extending just beyond the engine nacelles. The engines were held in low-mounted monoplane wings, all forward of the cockpit. The engines selected were Wright-branded R-1820-G205 which carried a military designation of R-1820-67/-69 and each turned in opposite directions to counter the naturally-occurring torque effects unique to any engine. Wings were clipped at the ends (ala the North American P-51 Mustang) and the empennage was dominated by the spit twin vertical fins as was found on the original XF5F-1. The cockpit was positioned in the middle of the fuselage and covered with a glazed frame canopy. Vision was reported solid when peering forward and above yet the wing and engine placement no doubt hampered vision below - a common design detriment of twin-engine fighters throughout the war.

Armament options were tossed about during the development of the XP-50. Since heavy caliber air-cooled machine guns were the norm for US aircraft designs of the time, a preliminary armament package of 6 x 12.7mm Browning machine guns was brought forth. This would have a cluster of 4 x 12.7mm guns in the nose assembly and an additional 1 x 12.7mm to a wing. An impressive total of 500 rounds per gun was envisioned. The second proposed armament package was more in line with the future of the quintessential dogfighter and consisted of a battery of 2 x 20mm Hispano-Suiza cannons in the nose along with 2 x 12.7mm machine guns. 60 rounds were to be afforded the cannons. A further 2 x 12.7mm machine guns were intended to be mounted in each wing. Al in all, either weapon formation would have made the XP-50 an aircraft to be reckoned with. To make the Xp-50 a true hybrid fighter-bomber, provision was added for a single 165lb drop bomb under each wing. In an interesting design note, a window was installed on the cockpit floor for the sole use of assisting the pilot in bombing. Unfortunately for the XP-50, none of this armament was ever fitted into the design.

First flight for the XP-50 occurred in February of 1941 and the system passed all crucial performance tests despite the relatively short flight time of just twenty minutes. Successive flights were equally promising until on April 14th, 1941, the aircraft suffered a catastrophic failure of one of the turbosuperchargers forcing the pilot to eject the aircraft and lose it to the waters near Long Island Sound. This no doubt provided a dark stain on the XP-50 and the US Army made moves to secure the Lockheed XP-38 instead.

Despite the setback, the design was reconstituted into yet another new design - the Model G-51. This particular design was to form the basis of the XF7F which would become the F7F Tigercat of United States Marine fame (missing out on World War 2 altogether yet making a splash in the Korean War a few short years later). In any case, the XP-50 was a solid design when compared to other developmental aircraft of the war. Grumman would no doubt recover from the rejection by becoming one of America's best known aircraft firms with the production of the F6F Hellcat, F8F Bearcat and the timeless F-14 Tomcat among other notable systems.

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Power & Performance
Those special qualities that separate one aircraft design from another. Performance specifications presented assume optimal operating conditions for the Grumman XP-50 Twin-Engine Fighter Prototype Aircraft.

2 x Wright R-1820-67 / -69 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines developing 1,200 horsepower each.
Propulsion

424 mph
683 kph | 369 kts
Max Speed

40,000 ft
12,192 m | 8 miles
Service Ceiling

1,250 miles
2,011 km | 1,086 nm
Operational Range

3,800 ft/min
1,158 m/min
Rate-of-Climb

City-to-City Ranges
Operational range when compared to distances between major cities (in KM).

NYC

LON

PAR

BER

MOS

TOK

SYD

LAX

NYC

Structure
The nose-to-tail, wingtip-to-wingtip physical qualities of the Grumman XP-50 Twin-Engine Fighter Prototype Aircraft.

1
(MANNED)
Crew

31.9 ft
9.72 m
O/A Length

42.0 ft
(12.80 m)
O/A Width

12.0 ft
(3.65 m)
O/A Height

8,298 lb
(3,764 kg)
Empty Weight

10,600 lb
(4,808 kg)
MTOW

Design Balance
The three qualities reflected below are altitude, speed, and range. The more full the box, the more balanced the design.

RANGE

ALT

SPEED

Armament
Available supported armament and special-mission equipment featured in the design of the Grumman XP-50 (Skyrocket) Twin-Engine Fighter Prototype Aircraft .

PROPOSED ARMAMENT PACKAGE 1:
4 x 12.7mm Browning air-cooled machine guns in nose with 500 rounds each gun.
2 x 12.7mm Browning air-cooled machine guns in wings (1 to a wing) with 500 rounds each gun.

PROPOSED ARMAMENT PACKAGE 2:
2 x 20mm Hispano-Suiza cannons in nose with 60 rounds each.
2 x 12.7mm Browning air-cooled machine guns in nose.
2 x 12.7mm Browning air-cooled machine guns in wings (1 to a wing).

OPTIONAL:
2 x 165lb drop bombs (1 under each wing)

Variants
Notable series variants as part of the Grumman XP-50 (Skyrocket) family line.

Design 34 - Internal Grumman Designation

G-46A - Internal Grumman Designation

XP-50 - Single Prototype Model; S/N: 39-2517; fitted with 2 x Wright R-1820-67/-69 series engines; armament proposed but never installed; did not complete full flight testing.

XP-65 - "Improved" XP-50 Proposal; fitted with 2 x Wright R-2600-10 series engines; never constructed.

Operators
Global customers who have evaluated and/or operated the Grumman XP-50 (Skyrocket). Nations are displayed by flag, each linked to their respective national aircraft listing.

Total Production: 1 Units
Contractor(s): Grumman - USA

[ United States (cancelled) ]

Relative Max Speed

Hi: 500mph

Lo: 250mph

Aircraft Max Listed Speed (424mph).

Graph Average of 375 MPH.

Era Crossover

Showcasing Aircraft Era Crossover (if any)

Max Alt Visualization

Production Comparison

1

36183

44000

Entry compared against Ilyushin IL-2 (military) and Cessna 172 (civilian) total production.

MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

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Image from the Public Domain.

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Image from the Public Domain.

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Mission Roles
Some designs are single-minded in their approach while others offer a more versatile solution to airborne requirements.

AIR-TO-AIR COMBAT

X-PLANE

Recognition
Some designs stand the test of time while others are doomed to never advance beyond the drawing board; let history be their judge.

Military lapel ribbon for the World War 2

Going Further...
The Grumman XP-50 (Skyrocket) Twin-Engine Fighter Prototype Aircraft appears in the following collections:

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