Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber)

Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype

Nazi Germany | 1943

"The Junkers Ju 390 multi-engine long-range heavy bomber was to strike at the heart of major American cities - changing German wartime fortunes ultimately revised this need."

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 06/27/2022 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site; No A.I. was used in the generation of this content.

Underside view of a passing Junkers Ju 390 New York Bomber in flight

The German Junkers Ju 390 long range heavy bomber was intended to be able to strike far-off locations along the American East Coast during World War 2 - the German effort to bring the war to the doorstep of the United States. The Ju 390 was a further development of the earlier proposed multi-engine Junkers Ju 290 heavy bomber of which 65 were ultimately built. The Ju 390 was developed to fulfill several other roles beyond strategic bombing such as maritime patrolling/reconnaissance and long range transport. The Ju 390 - also known as the "New York Bomber" - was only ever completed in two working prototypes - V1 and V2. Its development made the idea of transatlantic bombing a theoretical possibility the Luftwaffe but became nothing more than another failed submission in the "Amerika Bomber" projectthen under consideration by the Germans. This project included the Messerschmitt Me 264 and Focke-Wulf Ta 400 designs.

Interestingly, the Junkers Ju 390 heavy bomber came along during the war when the German effort and philosophy was still generally concentrated on use of medium bombers and various fighter-bomber hybrids. As such, full developmental resources for the Ju 390 were never really realized and the entire program floundered as a result. With origins in the Ju 290 airframe, the Ju 390 was essentially the same aircraft with wings lengthened via extensions to help accommodate additional engines (three engines were fitted to a wing for a total of six). The fuselage was also lengthened for the long-range bombing role. Defense was supplied by a pair of 13mm machine guns in a ventral gondola position as well as 2 x 13mm machine guns at beam (waist) positions. A pair of 20mm cannons would have been mounted in a dorsal turret and a single 20mm cannon would have been installed in the tail. The operating crew complement was to number ten between the required flight crew and dedicated gunners. The heavy transport form was given the designation of Ju 390A-1 while the maritime patrol and long-range heavy bombers were known under the Ju 390B and Ju 390C designations respectively.

Power for the Ju 390V1 prototype was through 6 x BMW 801D radial piston engines delivering 1,700 horsepower each. This provided for a maximum speed of 315 miles per hour and an operational range of 6,030 miles. The aircraft's service ceiling reached just 19,700 feet. Empty weight was listed at 87,100 lb while Maximum Take-Off Weight reached 166,400 lb. Structurally, the Ju 390 featured a length of 112 feet, a wingspan of 165 feet, and a height of 22.6 feet.

First flight for the V1 prototype was recorded on October 20, 1943, revealing a rather promising start for the massive bomber. Ju 390 V2 was first flown that same month and testing is believed to have gone on into 1945 - the lastyear of the war. An initial order of 26 Ju 390s was ordered though the program was cancelled during June of 1944 to allocate critical wartime resources and development to other more pressing projects - particularly those defensive-minded in nature as Germany began to fight a defensive war. As such, there proved little need for a large, offensive-minded bomber like the Ju 390. The Ju 390 was officially stricken from Luftwaffe contention during 1945 while the V1 prototype was destroyed on the ground by the Germans as Allied forces closed in on the development facility.

Despite the program falling to naught, the idea of a transatlantic "New York Bomber" was an intriguing one, serving as much a psychological terror tool on American cities as it could have been a strategic war resource. The Ju 390 would have brought the war to the Americans in much the same what that the "Blitz" was brought to London by the Germans or the Americans bombing Tokyo proper through the "Doolittle Raid".

It is said that a test flight of a Ju 390 crossing the Atlantic to North American airspace may have taken place though this event has remained in dispute for some time. Nevertheless, the availability of two flyable Ju 390 prototypes certainly make the 32-hour cross-ocean flight a possibility - though the aircraft flying into North American airspace undetected seems far-fetched. The Empire of Japan was also to take on serial production of the Ju 390 when, during the fall of 1944, Japanese authorities were granted local production rights to the Ju 390 by the Germans. None were completed on Japanese soil by the time of the surrender in August of 1945.

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Power & Performance
Those special qualities that separate one aircraft design from another. Performance specifications presented assume optimal operating conditions for the Junkers Ju 390 V1 (New York Bomber) Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype.

6 x BMW 801G-2 radial piston engines developing 1,700 horsepower each.
Propulsion

314 mph
505 kph | 273 kts
Max Speed

19,685 ft
6,000 m | 4 miles
Service Ceiling

6,027 miles
9,700 km | 5,238 nm
Operational Range

City-to-City Ranges
Operational range when compared to distances between major cities (in KM).

NYC

LON

PAR

BER

MOS

TOK

SYD

LAX

NYC

Structure
The nose-to-tail, wingtip-to-wingtip physical qualities of the Junkers Ju 390 V1 (New York Bomber) Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype.

10
(MANNED)
Crew

112.2 ft
34.20 m
O/A Length

165.0 ft
(50.30 m)
O/A Width

22.6 ft
(6.89 m)
O/A Height

87,083 lb
(39,500 kg)
Empty Weight

166,449 lb
(75,500 kg)
MTOW

Design Balance
The three qualities reflected below are altitude, speed, and range. The more full the box, the more balanced the design.

RANGE

ALT

SPEED

Armament
Available supported armament and special-mission equipment featured in the design of the Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber) Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype .

PROPOSED:
2 x 20mm MG 151/20 cannons in dorsal turret.
2 x 13mm MG 131 machine gun in ventral gondola.
2 x 13mm MG 131 machine guns in waist beam positions.
1 x 20mm MG 151/20 cannon in tail gun position.

Unknown internal bomb-carrying capability.

Variants
Notable series variants as part of the Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber) family line.

Ju 390 - Main Series Designation; two examples completed.

Ju 390 V1 - Initial Prototype Model.

Ju 390 V2 - Second Completed Prototype.

Ju 390A-1 - Proposed heavy transport model.

Ju 390B - Proposed maritime reconnaissance model.

Ju 390C - Proposed long-range bomber variant.

Operators
Global customers who have evaluated and/or operated the Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber). Nations are displayed by flag, each linked to their respective national aircraft listing.

Total Production: 2 Units
Contractor(s): Junkers - Germany

[ Nazi Germany ]

Relative Max Speed

Hi: 400mph

Lo: 200mph

Aircraft Max Listed Speed (314mph).

Graph Average of 300 MPH.

Era Crossover

Showcasing Aircraft Era Crossover (if any)

Max Alt Visualization

Production Comparison

2

36183

44000

Entry compared against Ilyushin IL-2 (military) and Cessna 172 (civilian) total production.

MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

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Aviation Timeline

EarlyYrs

WWI

Interwar

WWII

ColdWar

Postwar

Modern

Future

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Image of the Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber)

Underside view of a passing Junkers Ju 390 New York Bomber in flight

2 / 4

Front left side view of the Junkers Ju 390 New York Bomber at rest

3 / 4

Underside left view of the Junkers Ju 390 New York Bomber in flight

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Underside left view of the Junkers Ju 390 New York Bomber in flight

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Mission Roles
Some designs are single-minded in their approach while others offer a more versatile solution to airborne requirements.

GROUND ATTACK

ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE

ANTI-SHIP

TRANSPORT

RECONNAISSANCE

X-PLANE

Recognition
Some designs stand the test of time while others are doomed to never advance beyond the drawing board; let history be their judge.

Military lapel ribbon for the World War 2

Similar
Developments of similar form-and-function, or related, to the Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber) Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype.

Junkers Ju 290

Going Further...
The Junkers Ju 390 (New York Bomber) Long-Range Heavy Bomber / Transport Aircraft Prototype appears in the following collections:

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