Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova) Semi-Automatic Pistol (1951)
The Makarov PM served as the standard Soviet Army pistol for forty years, ending its reign in 1991.
Design of the PM was attributed to none other than Nikolay Makarov, a firearms engineer having graduated from the Tula State University. Makarov would go on to claim designs leading to the operational acceptance of the AM-23 cannon, the 9K111 "Fagot" man-portable missile launcher and the 9M113 "Konkurs" wire-guided missile. However, the Makarov PM would be his first true claim to fame for the Soviet Army. Production of his PM pistol would be handled in the Soviet Union by Izhevsk Mechanical Factory.
A design competition was held by Soviet authorities looking to replace the outgoing TT-33 series pistol. Makarov selected the Walther 9mm Ultra round as his starting point and developed his gun around it. The ammunition in the Soviet inventory would take the applicable name of "9x18mm Makarov". The 9mm Makarov was similar in some respects to the 9mm Short cartridge with featured a longer casing. This produced a pistol cartridge that proved shorter than the 9mm Parabellum and made for a very unique - if decidedly Soviet - cartridge design overall. This allowed the some level of protection in ensuring that the pistol could only work with Soviet "in-house" ammunition and could not be used in numbers against their original owners in a time of full scale war. In the end, the 9mm Makarov was essentially the largest cartridge size applicable to safely firing from the blowback operation system.
Design of the receiver was nothing more than simply following the lines of the original Walther PP pistol but to a slightly larger scale. The pistol measured in at 160mm with a 98mm barrel assembly featuring four grooves and a right-hand twist. The magazine was a spring-loaded 8-round detachable box that was conventionally inserted in through the bottom of the hand grip. Muzzle velocity was rated at 1,070 feet per second and the firing operation was, of course, blowback in nature. The trigger system offered both double-action and single-action operation and effective range was listed out to 50 meters. Some specialized models were later equipped with magazine counts of 10- and 12-rounds. Sighting was accomplished by way of a bladed front and an adjustable notch rear sight. Overall, the PM exhibited very well-countered and clean lines throughout, featuring some vertical ribbing near the main portion of the receiver. The trigger was curved forward and protected in an oblong trigger ring. Safety and other pertinent mechanical functions were set along the left side of the receiver within reach of the operator's thumb. The slide featured slab sides and nicely curved upper and lower surfaces. The rounded hammer spur protruded from the rear of the receiver ever so slightly but was still noticeable. The ejection port was fitted along the right side of the receiver, launching spent shell casings upwards and away from the operator.
The operator initiated the firing action by pulling back on the slide to cock the hammer and introduce a fresh cartridge into the firing chamber. Semi-automatic action occurred after the firing of each round as the pistol was automatically recocked and the chamber reloaded with a fresh cartridge. The operator could then let-off as many rounds as were available. Upon emptying of the magazine, the slide locked open for prevention of subsequent firing and to visibly inform the operator that a reload was required. The empty magazine was released via a release lever at the base of the pistol grip.
The Makarov PM was revised to become the Makarov PMM in 1990. This version elevated the muzzle velocity of the original action. The hand grip was modified for better ergonomics and the firing chamber saw grooves added. A 12-round magazine was also introduced.
Beyond manufacture of the gun by IMF, the PM was produced to foreign markets by notable licensed contributors Ernst Thaelmann / Simson (Suhl) of Germany, Arsenal of Bulgaria and NORINCO of China. Notable operators would go on to include Afghanistan, China (as the Type 59 of 1959), Cuba, East Germany, Georgia, Iraq, Laos, North Korea, Poland, Syria and Ukraine among others.
Civilian market versions of the PM soon appeared and similar versions made their way out of both Hungary and Poland. When the Berlin Wall fell in Germany, the unified country had thousands of existing Makarov PM pistols to manage from the joining East German military and security forces. Text ©2003-2013 www.MilitaryFactory.com • All Rights Reserved • No Reproduction Permitted
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Specifications for the
Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova)
Semi-Automatic Pistol
Country of Origin: Soviet Union
Manufacturer: Izhevsk Mechanical Factory - USSR / Ernst Thaelman-Simson - Germany / Arsenal - Bulgaria / NORINCO - China
Initial Year of Service: 1951
Overall Length: 161mm (6.34in)
Barrel Length: 93.00mm (3.66in)
Weight (Empty): 1.61lbs (0.73kg)
Cartridge: 9x18mm Makarov
Action: Blowback
Feed: 8-, 10- or 12-round detachable box magazine
Muzzle Velocity: 1,033ft/sec (315m/sec)
Range: 164ft (50m; 55yds)
Sights: Adjustable Notch Rear; Blade Front
Variants:
Makarov PM (Pistol Marakova) - Base Production Series Designation
Type 59 - Chinese NORINCO designation of Makarov copies.
Baikal-442 - Baikal-produced sport version
Operators: Afghanistan; Angola; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; Belarus; China; Cuba; East Germany; Georgia; Iraq; Kazakhstan; Laos; Latvia; Lithuania; Macedonia; Malta; Moldova; Mongolia; Mozambique; Nicaragua; Poland; Soviet Union; Russia; Syria; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan
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