BAC TSR-2 Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance Aircraft (1959)
The BAC TSR-2 became a Cold War-era case study of a promising aircraft derailed by ballooning program costs and political meddling.
The TSR-2 was initially a product of the English Electric and Vickers-Armstrong aviation concerns with the primary aim of replacing English Electric Canberras as Britain's principle long-range, low-level supersonic bomber (as well as possibly the entire family of nuclear-capable "V-Bombers"). Design work began in 1958 to which the project was approved in 1959. English Electric and Vickers-Armstrong were then pushed into a merger with Bristol and Hunting to become the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1960. The aircraft utilized the latest advances in swept wing technology to provide a pleasing airframe with exceptional airflow qualities. The fuselage consisted of a tubular design with slab sides and a raised spine behind the pair of inline cockpits for its crew of two. The main wing elements were set at amidships and high mounted to provide excellent clearance and lift. Intakes were fitted well aft of the cockpit and aspirated the pair of Bristol-Siddeley Olympus B.OI22R (Mk 320) turbojet powerplants. The side-by-side engines exhausted under a single vertical tail fin. At the rear sides of the fuselage were low-set horizontal stabilizers arranges in a traditional fashion. All wing surfaces were swept along their leading and trailing edges. The undercarriage was wholly retractable and of the tricycle arrangement with a two-wheeled nose leg and two twin-wheeled main legs. The undercarriage legs were noticeable long given the TSR-2 a decidedly tall appearance when at rest. Internal controls were advanced and included Heads Up Displays (HUDs), specialized weapons systems and communications (by Plessi) facilities, forward and side-looking (by EMI) radars and integrated terrain-following capabilities (by Ferranti) for low-level approaches. Onboard cameras covered the reconnaissance role. Avionics design was handled by Marconi.
First flight of a prototype airworthy TSR-2 was recorded on September 27th, 1964. While the TSR-2 proved itself enough to warrant a serial production order, the rising development and production costs and the now-governing Labour Party forced the TSR-2 into mothballs and subsequent cancellation in 1965 - just a short six years after the entire project was initially green-lighted. The TSR-2 prototype managed a mere 13 airborne hours across two dozen controlled flights and it was this sole TSR-2 form that proved the only airworthy mount of the 23 total airframes reaching various stages of completeness.
The British military then elected to order the American General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark through a 50-strong order. However, this was also cancelled amidst rising procurement costs. The need was then fulfilled through a combination fielding of the American McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II and the Blackburn Buccaneer. The Panavia Tornado eventually superseded the latter in the strike role.
BAC was made defunct on April 29th, 1977. Only two airframes of the TSR-2 project survived the subsequent scrapping initiative posed after the program's cancellation. One prototype can be found at the RAF Museum at Cosford and the other at the Imperial War Museum of Duxford.
As completed, the TSR-2 presented a running length of 89 feet with a wingspan of 37 feet and height of 23.7 feet. Empty weight was approximately 55,000lbs with a maximum take-off weight of 103,500lbs. The Bristol Siddeley Olympus engines outputted at 22,000lbs dry thrust each (44,000 combined) with 30,610lbs of thrust (60,000lbs combined) when use afterburner. Maximum speed was Mach 2.35 with a range (ferry) out to 2,880 miles and combat radius of 860 miles operating at altitudes up to 40,000 feet (estimated). Rate of climb was in the vicinity of 15,000 feet per minute, giving the airframe an excellent response time.
The TSR-2 was designed to carry ordnance across an internal and external weapons arrangement. Up to 6,000lbs of stores were housed in an internal bomb bay with up to 4,000lbs held externally for a total of 10,000lbs of possible weaponry. The airframe would have supported the carrying and release of the "Red Beard" 15 kiloton nuclear weapon or 6 x 1,000lbs of conventional drop bombs. There was noted support for the WE.177 nuclear bomb across four hardpoints. The TSR-2 could also make use of 37" rocket pods for the strike role. Text ©2003-2013 www.MilitaryFactory.com • All Rights Reserved • No Reproduction Permitted
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Specifications for the
BAC TSR-2
Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance Aircraft
Country of Origin: United Kingdom
Manufacturer: British Aircraft Corporation - UK
Initial Year of Service: 1959
Production: 23
Focus Model: BAC TSR-2
Crew: 2
Length: 89.01ft (27.13m)
Width: 37.14ft (11.32m)
Height: 23.79ft (7.25m)
Weight (Empty): 54,750lbs (24,834kg)
Weight (MTOW): 103,573lbs (46,980kg)
Powerplant: 2 x Bristol-Siddeley Olympus B.01.22R turbojets with afterburner generating 30,600lbs of thrust each.
Maximum Speed: 835mph (1,344kmh; 726kts)
Maximum Range: 2,877miles (4,630km)
Service Ceiling: 39,370ft (12,000m; 7.5miles)
Rate-of-Climb: 15,000 feet per minute (4,572m/min)
Hardpoints: 4
Armament Suite:
Mission-specific ordnance up to 10,000lbs across internal (6,000lbs) and external (4,000lbs) bay/hardpoints to include nuclear bombs, conventional bombs and rocket pods.
Variants:
TSR-2 - Main Series Designation; 1 flyable airframe completed with as many as 23 airframes in various stages of completeness.
Operators: United Kingdom
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