Douglas SBD Dauntless Carrier-Borne Dive Bomber (1938)
The SBD Dauntless bomber was the principle Allied dive bomber in the Pacific Theater of Operations.
Design was conventional with the large radial engine mounted in the extreme forward portion of the fuselage, just forward of the cockpit. The glazed cockpit could accommodate two personnel - the pilot in a forward area and the gunner in a rear cockpit, seated back-to-back. The rear cockpit contained a trainable gun position (7.62mm type machine guns) and played a major defensive role in the survival of many an SBD system and crew. The pilot doubled as the bombardier and also manned fixed-forward gun systems which (eventually) would feature two 12.7mm (.50 caliber) heavy machine guns. Wings were of low-wing monoplane types situated under the fuselage and featured the noticeably large perforated dive flaps so consistent with the series. The empennage was a traditional assembly with a single vertical tail surface. The real meat and potatoes for the SBD was in her ability to carried a substantial bomb load that could be supplanted by depth charges if need be. A total of 2,250lbs of external ordnance was capable.
Capabilities for the SBD were adequate considering the type, with power derived from the single Wright-brand R-1820 series air-cooled engine rated at over 1,000 horsepower (and achieving progressively better returns as new engines were introduced throughout her production life). Top speeds of 250 miles per hour could be reached along with a ceiling of just around 25,500 feet with a range of well over 1,000 miles. At first glance, the performance specs might have left a little to be desired of in the SBD design but it was soon proven to be a steady performer even when called upon to battle the fabled Japanese fighters. Japanese fighters, though agile and mounting powerful weaponry, were relatively lightly armored (if at all) and offered up a fair fight to the equally-powerful SBD series. The Dauntless would earn itself many an air kill before the end of the war thanks to the know-how and bravery of her crews and deficiencies in the design of her adversary aircraft.
The SBD came online as a development from the Douglas company (after their absorption of the Northrop Corporation) and was designed in request to a new US Navy dive bomber proposal. The XBT-1 was the product of this development and led to limited production of BT-1's. This was followed by a now re-designated XSBD-1 series featuring improvements to flying surfaces and the landing gear and entered official production with the more identifiable "SBD" designation in the initial SBD-1 models. Early versions featured a relatively weak setup of forward-fixed 7.62mm machine guns (x2) and a single trainable gun of equal caliber to cover the rear. The SBD-2 appeared soon after and offered up an increase to fuel capacity. The SBD-3 gave crew members reason to celebrate as a bulletproof windscreen was finally introduced along with self-sealing fuel tanks and improved armor protection. Armament was also revised and improved to the series standard of 2 x 12.7mm machine guns (forward-fixed) and 2 x 7.62mm guns at rear. The SBD-3 also introduced the Wright R-1820-52 powerplant and even better fuel capacity. The definitive SBD model arrived in the SBD-5 which sported the more powerful R-1820-60 series radial with an increase to total ammunition and produced to the tune of some 3,000 examples.
Along with the base SBD models, the Dauntless was also featured as a photographic reconnaissance platform and designated with the appropriate "P" as in SBD-1P, SBD-2P and SBD-3P models. The naval and marine SBD-3, SBD-4 and SBD-5 also formed the basis of the US Army's acquisition of the type in the A-24 "Banshee" guise though these proved far less successful than her Navy sisters. The British Fleet Air Arm took delivery of at least nine SBD-5 models and designated them as the Dauntless DB.Mk I series though these reportedly would never see combat action.
The Dauntless was pressed into service immediately after official hostilities with the Empire of Japan began following Pearl Harbor. They served primarily off of the American carriers (Yorktown, Hornet and Enterprise among the notable) still in operation in the Pacific and led to some early , albeit limited, successes. In any case, their strategic usage allowed for an offensive air arm to be established against the might of the Japanese reach in the region. The Dauntless would soon be in action in the Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway (sinking four Japanese aircraft carriers), working side-by-side with TBD Devastator torpedo elements to form a deadly one-two punch - with cover provided by the effective F4F Wildcat fighters - against Japanese vessels and shore-line positions. The decisive Battle of Guadalcanal followed along with the Battle of Philippine Sea soon after. American dive bombing techniques improved with the results to show for it. Despite being nearly ten years old with better and newer designs overtaking the role, the SBD continued on with units through to the end of the war.
The SBD Dauntless truly earned her mythical status and became the symbol of American resurgence after the Pearl Harbor attack. The aircraft garnered the affectionate nickname of "Slow But Deadly" to signify her designation and was a favored aircraft by those who understood and respected her capabilities. While the vulnerable "glide bombing" was still considered the route for fighter-bomber hybrids like the SBD, trained Dauntless crews made the most of their "dive bombing" - literally taking the aircraft into a steep angled dive over the target - forays to sink more enemy shipping than any other aircraft in the Pacific Theater. The legendary status of the SBD Dauntless and her crews was indeed earned. An aircraft - whose visual appearance might have done little to the enemy's psyche at first glance - was a sure wake up call to those Japanese sailors manning the flight decks onboard Empire aircraft carriers. A true classical warbird in every sense of the word.
As an interesting side note, the Douglas SBD Dauntless did not feature folding wings, a common feature among carrier aircraft even to this day. Folding wings make for an economical way to maximize storage space aboard space-strapped aircraft carriers. The reasoning behind this design decision on the Dauntless was to provide for a stronger internal wing support structure seeing it that the aircraft - being a dive bomber and all - would be exposed to a tremendous amount of stress in its attacks (made up of high-force combat dives and climbs). The Dauntless would be one of the last US Navy aircraft to not utilize folding wings. Text ©2003-2013 www.MilitaryFactory.com • All Rights Reserved • No Reproduction Permitted
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Specifications for the
Douglas SBD Dauntless
Carrier-Borne Dive Bomber
Country of Origin: United States
Manufacturer: Douglas Aircraft Corporation - USA
Initial Year of Service: 1938
Production: 5,936
Focus Model: Douglas SBD-5 Dauntless
Crew: 2
Length: 33.10ft (10.09m)
Width: 41.54ft (12.66m)
Height: 13.58ft (4.14m)
Weight (Empty): 6,404lbs (2,905kg)
Weight (MTOW): 10,699lbs (4,853kg)
Powerplant: 1 x Wright R-1820-60 Cyclone air-cooled radial piston engine generating 1,200hp.
Maximum Speed: 255mph (410kmh; 221kts)
Maximum Range: 1,115miles (1,795km)
Service Ceiling: 25,525ft (7,780m; 4.8miles)
Rate-of-Climb: 1,700 feet per minute (518m/min)
Hardpoints: 2
Armament Suite:
2 x 12.7mm machine guns fixed in wings
2 x 7.62mm machine guns trainable in rear cockpit position.
Up to 2,250lbs of bombs or depth charges held externally.
Variants:
XBT-1 - Initial Prototype
XBT-2 - Single Example Prototype fitted with 1,000hp Wright R-1820-32 Cyclone engine.
XSBD-1 - 1937 Redesignation of XBT series models; improved landing gear systems and vertical tail fin.
BT-1 - Initial Northrop Prototype Model Designation on which the SBD was based on.
SBD-1 - Armed with 2 x fixed 7.62mm machine guns and 1 x trainable 7.62mm machine gun; 57 produced.
SBD-2 - Increased fuel capacity; revised weaponry; 87 produced.
SBD-3 - Fitted with Wright R-1820-52 powerplant; 584 produced; bulletproof windscreen; self-sealing fuel tanks; increased armor protection for crew; increased fuel capacity; fitted with 2 x 12.7mm machine guns and 2 x trainable 7.62mm machine guns.
SBD-4 - Improved electronics; 780 produced.
SBD-5 - Fitted with 1,200hp Wright R-1820-60 powerplant; increased ammunition capacity; 3,025 produced.
SBD-6 - Fitted with Wright R-1820-66 powerplant; increased fuel capacity; improved throughout; final main SBD production version.
SBD-1P - Photographic reconnaissance model.
SBD-2P - Photographic reconnaissance model.
SBD-3P - Photographic reconnaissance model.
A-24 "Banshee" - USAAF version of the SBD-3
A-24A "Banshee" - USAAF Army version of the SBD-4
A-24B "Banshee" - USAAF Army version of the SBD-5
DB.Mk I - Fleet Air Arm (FAA - Britain) variant based on the SBD-5.
Operators: Chile, France, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
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