The British war effort of World War 1 (1914-1918) brought about many new aircraft developments. Fairey Aviation was one contributor to the endeavor and began operations in 1915 while based at Heaton Chapel, Ringway. On September 14th, 1917, a first flight was recorded for a new reconnaissance biplane design christened the "Fairey III" in response to a British Admiralty (Navy) request for a new carrier-based reconnaissance/light bomber (Specification N.2(a)). The type was adopted for service in the war's final year of 1918 and 964 of the type would be constructed. Amazingly, the aircraft would become one of the few designs to be born during the fighting of World War 1, survive the interwar years and still see service into World War 2. This was a quality usually seen with the larger, more expensive warships of the navy than any one aircraft for they proved more expensive to replace. The final Fairey III forms were not retired from service in 1941.
The Fairey III began life as prototype N.10 and the aircraft was evaluated through a wheel-based and floatplane form. These appeared with a single Sunbeam Maori engine of 260 horsepower. The Navy ordered the aircraft in both of the evaluated designs as the Fairey III as 50 of the wheeled IIIA modesl with 60 of the IIIB floatplane models. These aircraft would see some operational service by the end of World War 1 in November of 1918. The arrival of the IIIC model, which followed more closely the lines and dimensions of the IIIA, limited IIIB production to just 28 units. 36 IIC models followed and were powered by the Rolls-Royce Eagle series engine of 375 horsepower.
As designed, the Fairey III was a conventional biplane aircraft of the period. It featured the requisite upper and lower wing assemblies joined through parallel struts and cabling. The engine was held in a forward compartment and drove a two-bladed wooden propeller in a puller configuration. The nose was well contoured to promote basic aerodynamics. The pilot sat behind and just under the upper wing assembly with his observer to his rear - both in open-air cockpits. The fuselage then tapered to the empennage to which a vertical tail fin and applicable tail planes were added. The primary difference between the two marks were their undercarriages. The wheeled form included a pair of wheeled main landing gear legs while the floatplane derivative featured floats in place of these legs - allowing for operation from water.
Armament included a single .303 Vickers machine gun in a fixed, forward-firing mounting to be managed by the pilot. The observer was given a trainable .303 Lewis machine gun in the rear cockpit. When outfitted as a bomber, the aircraft carried up to a 500lb conventional drop bomb payload under the wing assemblies.
Following the wartime IIIA and IIIB models were the post-war IIIC, IIID and IIIF variants. The IIIC, as described earlier, was outfitted with the Rolls-Royce Eagle engine of 375 horsepower and saw production peak at 36 units. The IIID followed suit or substituted the Eagle engine with the Rolls-Royce Napier Lion of 450 horsepower. This mark saw 227 examples produced and essentially became the first major production mark of the line. The IIIF models were the definitive Fairey IIIs and powered by the Napier Lion engine line across several subvariants including three-seat versions incorporating a third crew member. Metal understructures and metal skin was now being introduced in the design. Hundreds of F-model marks were produced including 291 of the Fairey IIIF Mk III. All carrier versions featured folding wings for improved storage aboard the space-strapped British Royal Navy carriers and later models could have their wheeled undercarriages switched to the floatplane format as required.
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Specifications
Fairey Aviation - UK Manufacturer(s)
Australia; Argentina; Canada; Chile; Egypt; Greece; Ireland; Netherlands; New Zealand; Portugal; Soviet Union; Sweden; United Kingdom Operators
GROUND ATTACK
Ability to conduct aerial bombing of ground targets by way of (but not limited to) guns, bombs, missiles, rockets, and the like.
SPECIAL-MISSION: ANTI-SHIP
Equipped to search, track, and engage enemy surface elements through visual acquisition, radar support, and onboard weaponry.
MARITIME / NAVY
Land-based or shipborne capability for operating over-water in various maritime-related roles while supported by allied naval surface elements.
INTELLIGENCE-SURVEILLANCE-RECONNAISSANCE
Surveil ground targets / target areas to assess environmental threat levels, enemy strength, or enemy movement.
36.7 ft (11.20 meters) Length
46.1 ft (14.05 meters) Width/Span
14.2 ft (4.32 meters) Height
3,862 lb (1,752 kilograms) Empty Weight
5,952 lb (2,700 kilograms) Maximum Take-Off Weight
STANDARD:
1 x 7.7mm Vickers fixed, forward-firing machine gun.
1 x 7.7mm Lewis machine gun in trainable rear cockpit position.
OPTIONAL:
Up to 500lbs of external stores underwing.
4 Hardpoints
N.10 - Initial Prototype
IIIA - Initial two-seat wheeled-based carrier model; fitted with Sunbeam Maori II engine of 260 horsepower; 50 examples produced.
IIIB - Initial three-seat floatplane derivative; fitted with Sunbeam Maori II engine of 260 horsepower; 30 produced.
IIIC - Two-seat variant with Rolls-Royce Eagle engine of 375 horsepower; 36 examples.
IIID - Two-seat version with Rolls-Royce Eagle or Rolls-Royce Napier Lion of 450 horsepower; 227 examples produced.
IIIE - Three examples produced
IIIF - Two-seat version with Napier Lion engine
IIIF I - Three-seat version; metal and wood skeleton; 55 examples.
IIIF II - Three-seat variant; metal and wood skeleton; Napier Lion XIA engine; 33 examples.
IIIF III - Three-seater; Lion XIA engine; metal skeleton with fabric skin; 291 examples.
IIIF IV - Two-seat version; 243 examples
IIIF Mk V
IIIF Mk VI
Queen IIIF - Radio-controlled gunnery trainers; three examples.
IIIM - Civilian model; three examples
F.400 - Portuguese Navy export model
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