For the life of her career, the Ca.310 was dogged by performance issues. Indeed, a Norwegian order was halted until better engine types were installed and the rest of the order fell incomplete with the arrival of World War 2. Over thirty purchased by Hungary in 1938 were returned to Caproni two years later due to underperformance. For those aircraft that fought under the banner of the Regia Aeronatica leading into, and during, World War 2, the Ca.310 was only ever utilized in the reconnaissance and bombing role. Its performance precluded its use in heavily-contested airspace and its rifle-caliber guns were relatively useless for offense or defense. Additionally, the limited bomb-carrying-capacity allowed for only light bombing sorties to be considered - all this to go along with a commitment from a three-man crew and resources being dedicated to a twin-engine aircraft. Ca.310s were used by Italian forces during the North African Campaign though they never materialized as adequate combat aircraft, eventually relegated to non-confrontational sorties when possible.
Ca.310 was used to designated the base twin-engine reconnaissance/light bomber model while Ca.310 "Idro" marked a specially-modified seaplane utilizing a twin-float arrangement. The Ca.310bis was the only other notable form of the Cz.310 line and essentially formed the prototype for the Ca.311 to follow. This version was noted for its all-glazed, contoured nose sections (non-stepped cockpit). In total, 312 Ca.310s were produced.
Beyond the Regia Aeronautica, Norway and Hungary, the Ca.310 was utilized by Croatia, Peru, Spain and Yugoslavia to various degrees. The aircraft soldiered on into 1948 before being given up for good.
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