Standard J

Biplane Trainer Aircraft [ 1917 ]

The Standard J-1 spent much of its career playing second-fiddle to the Curtiss Jenny and was a product of the American effort of World War 1.

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 08/24/2018 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site.

Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Trainer aircraft types typically maintain service lives longer than their combat-minded brethren for these designs typically center on reliability and long-term use / abuse in the hands of student pilots. During World War 1 (1914-1918), the United States utilized several biplane models for the role of bringing up the next generation of military flyer. One of the series available became the Standard "J", a two-bay, twin-seat, single engine biplane which saw production reach over 1,600 units. The J did not fare as well as the competing Curtiss JN-1 "Jenny" (detailed elsewhere on this site) but saw extended service in private hands after the war - some through modifications of the base design.

The J was born from the earlier "Sloan H" family of biplanes engineered by Charles Day. This design was then carried under the Standard Aero Corporation brand label and became the focus of U.S. military efforts as its eventual involvement in World War 1 continued to grow. After a first-flight occurring in 1916, the evolved "J-1", with its four-cylinder Hall-Scott engine in the nose, was taken on by the U.S. Army. In time, competitors Dayton-Wright, Fisher, and Wright-Martin all got in on the production run of the J-1.

The J-series biplanes followed conventional design philosophies of the time. The student and instructor were seated in tandem open-air cockpits with basic instruments set ahead of them on a wood panel. Wire-bracing was used for reinforcement of the wood members and canvas skinning was prevalent. The wing mainplanes were of unequal span (the upper unit wider than the lower) and two bays were made from the parallel strutworks. The undercarriage included two wheeled main legs and a wooden tail skid. The primary engine fit was the Hall-Scott A-7 air-cooled straight-4 engine developing 100 horsepower and driving a two-bladed wooden propeller at the nose. The fuel stores were held in the forward section of the aircraft, set between the forward cockpit and the engine compartment.

Performance-wide, the J-series could hope to reach a maximum speed of 68 miles per hour and range out to 350 miles. Reaching 2,600 feet took some ten minutes.

The SJ-1 was a variant which introduced another pair of wheels set forward to help prevent "nose over" accidents. The JR-1 was designated an advanced trainer platform for the Army.

In practice, the J series was doomed by its relatively unreliable engine fit which was known to shake the aircraft to the extreme. The popularity of the "Jenny" soon surpassed the desire to purchase more J biplane trainers and, by mid-June of 1918, the Army fleet was purposely grounded as the Jenny line took over the role en mass.

In the post-war period, the J series was purchased from surplus, many still unused, and operated as mail carriers (JR-1B / E-4), barnstormers, student trainers, and privately-owned aircraft. Several interesting developments of the time included the "Lincoln Standard L.S.5" which incorporated a seating for four and the "Ryan Standard" which brought about an enclosed passenger cabin.

The J-series was never exported.©MilitaryFactory.com

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Specifications

Service Year

1917

Origin

United States

Status

RETIRED
Not in Service.

Crew

2

Production

1,605
UNITS

Standard Aircraft Company / Dayton-Wright / Fisher Body / Wright-Martin - USA

(View other Aviaton-Related Manufacturers)

United States (retired)

(OPERATORS list includes past, present, and future operators when applicable)

✓ Commercial Aviation
Used in roles serving the commercial aviation market, ferrying both passengers and goods over range.

✓ Intelligence-Surveillance-Reconnaissance (ISR), Scout
Surveil ground targets / target areas to assess environmental threat levels, enemy strength, or enemy movement.

✓ Training (General)
Developed ability to be used as a dedicated trainer for student pilots (typically under the supervision of an instructor).

Length

26.6 ft
(8.10 m)

Width/Span

44.0 ft
(13.40 m)

Height

10.8 ft
(3.30 m)

Empty Wgt

1,356 lb
(615 kg)

MTOW

1,951 lb
(885 kg)

Wgt Diff

+595 lb
(+270 kg)

(Showcased structural values pertain to the Standard J-1 production variant)

Installed: 1 x Hall-Scott A-7 air-cooled engine developing 100 horsepower and driving two-bladed wooden propeller at the nose.

Max Speed

68 mph
(109 kph | 59 kts)

Ceiling

5,807 ft
(1,770 m | 1 mi)

Range

351 mi
(565 km | 1,046 nm)

Rate-of-Climb

260 ft/min
(79 m/min)

♦ MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

♦

(Showcased performance specifications pertain to the Standard J-1 production variant. Performance specifications showcased above are subject to environmental factors as well as aircraft configuration. Estimates are made when Real Data not available. Compare this aircraft entry against any other in our database or View aircraft by powerplant type)

None.

Supported Types

(Not all ordnance types may be represented in the showcase above)

J - Base Series Designation

J-1 - U.S. Army trainer model

SJ-1 - U.S. Army advanced pilot trainer.

JR-1 - Mailcarrier variant

JR-1B / E-4 - Mailcarrier variant

Night Mail - Curtiss conversion of 1922 to mailplane carrier; six examples completed.

L.S.5 - Licoln Standard J-1 with seating for four in open-air cockpit.

Nicholas-Beazley-Standard - J-1 modification by Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company.

Standard / Standard SJ - Civilian trainer by Sikorsky.

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Images Gallery

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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