Standard J

Biplane Trainer Aircraft [ 1917 ]

The Standard J-1 spent much of its career playing second-fiddle to the Curtiss Jenny and was a product of the American effort of World War 1.

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 08/24/2018 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site.

Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Trainer aircraft types typically maintain service lives longer than their combat-minded brethren for these designs typically center on reliability and long-term use / abuse in the hands of student pilots. During World War 1 (1914-1918), the United States utilized several biplane models for the role of bringing up the next generation of military flyer. One of the series available became the Standard "J", a two-bay, twin-seat, single engine biplane which saw production reach over 1,600 units. The J did not fare as well as the competing Curtiss JN-1 "Jenny" (detailed elsewhere on this site) but saw extended service in private hands after the war - some through modifications of the base design.

The J was born from the earlier "Sloan H" family of biplanes engineered by Charles Day. This design was then carried under the Standard Aero Corporation brand label and became the focus of U.S. military efforts as its eventual involvement in World War 1 continued to grow. After a first-flight occurring in 1916, the evolved "J-1", with its four-cylinder Hall-Scott engine in the nose, was taken on by the U.S. Army. In time, competitors Dayton-Wright, Fisher, and Wright-Martin all got in on the production run of the J-1.

The J-series biplanes followed conventional design philosophies of the time. The student and instructor were seated in tandem open-air cockpits with basic instruments set ahead of them on a wood panel. Wire-bracing was used for reinforcement of the wood members and canvas skinning was prevalent. The wing mainplanes were of unequal span (the upper unit wider than the lower) and two bays were made from the parallel strutworks. The undercarriage included two wheeled main legs and a wooden tail skid. The primary engine fit was the Hall-Scott A-7 air-cooled straight-4 engine developing 100 horsepower and driving a two-bladed wooden propeller at the nose. The fuel stores were held in the forward section of the aircraft, set between the forward cockpit and the engine compartment.

Performance-wide, the J-series could hope to reach a maximum speed of 68 miles per hour and range out to 350 miles. Reaching 2,600 feet took some ten minutes.

The SJ-1 was a variant which introduced another pair of wheels set forward to help prevent "nose over" accidents. The JR-1 was designated an advanced trainer platform for the Army.

In practice, the J series was doomed by its relatively unreliable engine fit which was known to shake the aircraft to the extreme. The popularity of the "Jenny" soon surpassed the desire to purchase more J biplane trainers and, by mid-June of 1918, the Army fleet was purposely grounded as the Jenny line took over the role en mass.

In the post-war period, the J series was purchased from surplus, many still unused, and operated as mail carriers (JR-1B / E-4), barnstormers, student trainers, and privately-owned aircraft. Several interesting developments of the time included the "Lincoln Standard L.S.5" which incorporated a seating for four and the "Ryan Standard" which brought about an enclosed passenger cabin.

The J-series was never exported.©MilitaryFactory.com

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Specifications

Standard Aircraft Company / Dayton-Wright / Fisher Body / Wright-Martin - USA
Manufacturer(s)

United States (retired)
Operators

1917
Service Year

United States
National Origin

Retired
Project Status

2
Crew

1,605
Units

COMMERCIAL AVIATION
Used in roles serving the commercial aviation market, ferrying both passengers and goods over range.

INTELLIGENCE-SURVEILLANCE-RECONNAISSANCE
Surveil ground targets / target areas to assess environmental threat levels, enemy strength, or enemy movement.

TRAINING
Developed ability to be used as a dedicated trainer for student pilots (typically under the supervision of an instructor).

26.6 ft
(8.10 meters)
Length

44.0 ft
(13.40 meters)
Width/Span

10.8 ft
(3.30 meters)
Height

1,356 lb
(615 kilograms)
Empty Weight

1,951 lb
(885 kilograms)
Maximum Take-Off Weight

+595 lb
(+270 kg)
Weight Difference

1 x Hall-Scott A-7 air-cooled engine developing 100 horsepower and driving two-bladed wooden propeller at the nose.
Propulsion

68 mph
(109 kph | 59 knots)
Max Speed

5,807 ft
(1,770 m | 1 miles)
Ceiling

351 miles
(565 km | 305 nm)
Range

260 ft/min
(79 m/min)
Rate-of-Climb

MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

♦

None.

J - Base Series Designation

J-1 - U.S. Army trainer model

SJ-1 - U.S. Army advanced pilot trainer.

JR-1 - Mailcarrier variant

JR-1B / E-4 - Mailcarrier variant

Night Mail - Curtiss conversion of 1922 to mailplane carrier; six examples completed.

L.S.5 - Licoln Standard J-1 with seating for four in open-air cockpit.

Nicholas-Beazley-Standard - J-1 modification by Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company.

Standard / Standard SJ - Civilian trainer by Sikorsky.

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Images

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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Image from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

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