×
Aircraft / Aviation Vehicles & Artillery Infantry Arms Warships & Submarines Military Pay Chart (2023) Military Ranks
Advertisements
HOME
AIRCRAFT / AVIATION
MODERN AIR FORCES
COUNTRIES
MANUFACTURERS
COMPARE
BY CONFLICT
BY TYPE
BY DECADE
COLD WAR
MODERN AIRCRAFT
Aviation / Aerospace

Transall C-160


Medium-Lift Transport Aircraft [ 1967 ]



The Franco-German C-160 transport aircraft is still going strong after 40 years of faithful service.



Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 04/29/2021 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site.

GO TO SPECIFICATIONS [+]
Advertisements
The Transall C-160 tactical transport aircraft was born out of a joint French-West German consortium known as "Transporter Allianz" (abbreviated to "Transall") which, itself, was made up of Nord (later Aerospatiale), Hamburger Flugzeugbau (later Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB)) and Weser Flugzeugbau (later VFW-Fokker) . The consortium was forged in January of 1959 and took on development of a new, adaptable, rugged and tactically-minded military transport to service both the French and West German air forces. The program proved one of the rare successes of joint-European collaboration and furthered the viability of prop-driven, high-wing loading transport aircraft in a military setting (perhaps best popularized by the American Lockheed C-130 Hercules line). The new French-West German creation would go on to fulfill this role, eventually forming the lifeline of medium-lift operations for each respective operator.

The Transall group came to an agreement on an aircraft design centered around a voluminous internal cargo hold accessed via a rear-set, powered loading ramp for ease of operation. This design would be furthered complemented by high-wing loading to help keep the spinning propeller blades clear of ground activity and provide for inherently good short take-off and landing qualities against semi-prepared airstrips. The aircraft could then be charged with carrying supplies, equipment or combat-ready troops (including paratroopers) as needed across ranges out to North Africa. The aircraft would also be blessed with strong low-speed, low-level flight characteristics consistent with the controlled dropping of supply-laden pallets or paratroopers while the aircraft was in-flight. Power would come from a pair of high-output turboprop engines for markedly good operational ranges. To mark their new design, the aircraft took on the conventional "C" designation (for "Cargo", largely accepted in US transport nomenclature), followed by the design's wing area in square meters, this being "160". Therefore, the aircraft was officially given the designation of "C-160".

From the beginning, the joint development effort was signaled by a 50/50 split partnership along national lines with no one concern marked as the principle contractor. The French enjoyed a good level of experience in recent joint-efforts, mostly with the British, when undertaking the Concorde high-speed airliner as well as the SEPECAT Jaguar strike fighter. On the other hand, the Germans lacked such knowledge - in part to an aviation engineering force still establishing itself after the demilitarization of Germany following World War 2 - and were limited to manufacture of basic transport aircraft. Nord would be given production control of the engine nacelles, wings and undercarriage control systems while Hamburger would produce the forward and aft sections of the fuselage, the all-important powered loading door and the vertical tail fin. Weser was given manufacture rights to the landing gear door panels and center fuselage/wing root sections. The engine of choice became the Rolls-Royce Tyne 20 Mk 22 turboprop engine of 6,100 shaft horsepower - already being built under license in France by Hispano-Suiza.

Design-wise, the appearance of the C-160 was highly conventional and not unlike the Lockheed C-130 Hercules mount. Construction is of all-metal with a semi-monocoque internal frame. The fuselage was stout and tubular - flattened only along the bottom facing - with the flight deck fitted forward behind a short nose cone assembly offering excellent views out of the cockpit. Doors were fitted to either side of the rear fuselage for paratrooper drops or passenger entry/exit. The wings were set ahead of center mass and high-mounted for maximum ground clearance as well as strong lift characteristics. The wing assemblies featured no sweep of any kind and were clipped at the tips. The twin engine pairing were fitted within streamlined nacelles along the wing leading edges, each engine sporting four-bladed propeller systems. The empennage was specifically designed to taper upwards and provide unfettered access to the rear loading ramp. The loading ramp was designed as a two-piece system with the main ramp floor lowering down to the height of a standard truck bed. The upper empennage section then rose to help improve overhead clearance. The cargo bed floor was fully reinforced to support nearly all manner of supplies and equipment - including light vehicles - conforming to the specified weight limits. An integrated winch system assisted in bringing heavy loads aboard. Up to 93 seats could be installed within the cargo hold for the transporting of passengers while 60 to 88 combat-ready troops could be seated in their place (their equipment taking up the rest of the space). Alternately, 62 medical litters and corresponding medical personnel could be carried. The tail section was capped by a single, large-area vertical tail fin with a pair of horizontal tailplanes fitted to its base. The low-set undercarriage was fully retractable and consisted of a pair of four-wheeled main landing gears as well as a twin-wheeled nose landing gear leg. The main legs were held in underfuselage sponsons at the center of the design while the nose leg retracted under the flight deck floor. The wheel's low-pressure nature made them suitable for rough field operations.©MilitaryFactory.com
Advertisements
Initial flight of the first of three prototypes was accomplished on February 25th, 1963 out of Melun in France. The remaining two prototypes then each went airborne later that year and two static test frames were also delivered. Early production of the aircraft began in 1965 resulting in six pre-series "C-160A" model aircraft. Upon completion of evaluations and formal acceptance into service, serial production of the C-160 began in 1967, this being shared equally between the participating parties across West Germany and France - of note being that no one facility or nation produced each aircraft in whole, each being dependent upon the other for the final end-product.

The initial production venture yielded 110 examples to the German Luftwaffe (as the "C-160D" - D for "Deutschland") while France completed 50 examples (as the "C-160F" - F for "France"). The first foreign recipient became South Africa which received the type as the "C-160Z" in 9 examples. Of the German count, 20 examples would be eventually delivered to Turkey as the "C-160T". Air France also made use of four C-160 production models as the "C-160P" for night time mail service. Pelita Air of Indonesia also made use of C-160NG models for mail national deliveries. Only South Africa was ever a direct military customer of the C-160 beyond France and West Germany.

The standard C-160 design was powered by the aforementioned Rolls-Royce Tyne 20 Mk 22 turboprop of 6,100shp. This supplied the airframe with a top speed of 368 miles per hour with a range of 1,150 miles as well as a ferry range of 5,500 miles being reported. The aircraft could manage a service ceiling of 27,000 feet on a rate-of-climb nearing 1,300 feet per minute. The C-160 enjoyed a wingspan of over 131 feet and height of just over 38 feet with a running length of approximately 106 feet. In addition to the turboprop installations, the C-160 wings held the provision to accept auxiliary jet boosters for drastically improved STOL actions, this installation supplying the aircraft with up to an additional 5,200lbs of thrust. Despite the benefits, this feature was never actively used by any operator. Both the flight deck and cargo hold could also be pressurized to suit both comfort and operating altitudes.

By 1977, the French Air Force was looking to upgrade their C-160F line and contracted to create the new "C-160NG" (NG = "Nouvelle Generation") designation. Development of the new aircraft resulted in serial production of 29 new airframes beginning in 1981. About fourteen of these airframes were further designed for "double-duty" in that they were plumbed for the aerial tanker role with transport still being their primary role (a hose drum system being installed along their portside undercarriage sponson). Five of the new C-160NG airframes also came delivered as "ready-to-fit" this refueling equipment if required. The C-160NG production model was identified by its fixed in-flight refueling probe as well as an increased internal fuel storage for improved operational ranges. Self-defense also benefitted with the addition of Type 507 chaff/flare dispensers as well as a Thompson-CSF "Sherloc" Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) system.

The C-160H "TACAMO" became a group of four C-160NG airframes completed with special "unjammable" communications equipment allowing crews to work in conjunction with submerged French nuclear submarines. An additional two C-160NG airframes were modified for the SIGnal INTelligence (SIGNIT) role as surveillance platforms and, themselves, identified by wingtip pod fittings, a retractable radome under the front fuselage and antenna fixtures throughout the design. These models were designated as the "C-160G GABRIEL" and saw service throughout the latter portion of the Cold War and in the 1991 Persian Gulf War.

Total C-160 production became 214 aircraft including the aforementioned prototypes and pre-series models.

Within time, the C-160 was naturally beginning to show its age on the modern battlefield. During the span of 1994 to 1999, French authorities approved a modernization program to help keep their C-160F and C-160NG models viable for the near-future. Upgrades went on to include updated digital systems, digital processing and cockpit Heads-Up Display (HUD) as well as a new radio management system and revised flight instrumentation. GPS was also introduced to the family line and the defensive suite was further addressed. The changes created the resulting "C-160R" designation (R = "Renovated"). Similarly, the German Luftwaffe enacted a limited-term modernization program for their fleet of C-160s. However, this - as in the French endeavor - only served to extend the life of the aircraft for the short-term. Unlike the French and Germans, however, the South Africans went ahead and retired their entire fleet of C-160Zs. Turkey continues to operate their ex-German C-160Ts as of this writing.

It is expected that the C-160 family line will eventually be superseded by the new, highly advanced Airbus A400M transport aircraft - currently seeing a lengthy development period and ballooning project costs. Both Germany and France have placed quantitative orders of the type (since cut back in number to some extent) with South Africa eventually bowing out of that program altogether. Nevertheless, the C-160 still enjoys an active operational existence in the French, German and Turkish air forces. The French have fielded at least one C-160 example in the ongoing war over oil-rich Libya, this aircraft being based out of Crete.

With over 40 years of service since her inception, the Transall C-160 design has proven to be both a reliable and effective fixture in her defined role.

March 2018 - The French Air Force plans to replace its pair of Transall C-160G "Gabriel" SIGINT aircraft with modified Dassault Falcon business jets in the same role. Delivery is set to begin in 2025.©MilitaryFactory.com
Note: The above text is EXCLUSIVE to the site www.MilitaryFactory.com. It is the product of many hours of research and work made possible with the help of contributors, veterans, insiders, and topic specialists. If you happen upon this text anywhere else on the internet or in print, please let us know at MilitaryFactory AT gmail DOT com so that we may take appropriate action against the offender / offending site and continue to protect this original work.
Advertisements

Specifications



Service Year
1967

Origin
France national flag graphic
France

Status
ACTIVE
In Active Service.
Crew
3

Production
214
UNITS


Transporter Allianz (Transall) - France / West Germany
(View other Aviaton-Related Manufacturers)
National flag of France National flag of modern Germany National flag of Indonesia National flag of South Africa National flag of Turkey France; Germany; Indonesia; West Germany; South Africa; Turkey
(OPERATORS list includes past, present, and future operators when applicable)
Transport
General transport functionality to move supplies/cargo or personnel (including wounded and VIP) over range.
Special Forces
Serving Special Forces / Special Operations elements and missions.


Length
106.3 ft
(32.40 m)
Width/Span
131.2 ft
(40.00 m)
Height
38.2 ft
(11.65 m)
Empty Wgt
63,934 lb
(29,000 kg)
MTOW
112,436 lb
(51,000 kg)
Wgt Diff
+48,502 lb
(+22,000 kg)
(Showcased structural values pertain to the base Transall C-160 production variant)
Installed: 2 x Rolls-Royce Tyne RTy.20 Mk 22 delivering 6,100 shaft horsepower each.
Max Speed
319 mph
(513 kph | 277 kts)
Ceiling
27,001 ft
(8,230 m | 5 mi)
Range
5,504 mi
(8,858 km | 16,405 nm)
Rate-of-Climb
1,300 ft/min
(396 m/min)


♦ MACH Regime (Sonic)
Sub
Trans
Super
Hyper
HiHyper
ReEntry
RANGES (MPH) Subsonic: <614mph | Transonic: 614-921 | Supersonic: 921-3836 | Hypersonic: 3836-7673 | Hi-Hypersonic: 7673-19180 | Reentry: >19030


(Showcased performance specifications pertain to the base Transall C-160 production variant. Performance specifications showcased above are subject to environmental factors as well as aircraft configuration. Estimates are made when Real Data not available. Compare this aircraft entry against any other in our database or View aircraft by powerplant type)
None.


Supported Types




(Not all ordnance types may be represented in the showcase above)
C-160 - Base Series Designation
C-160A - Pre-Series Models; six completed
C-160D - West German Designation; 110 examples.
C-160F - French Designation; 50 examples
C-160Z - South African Designation; 9 examples.
C-160T - Turkish Designation; 20 ex-West German production models.
C-160P - Air France air mail conversion models; four examples; based on C-160F model.
C-160NG - Improved Frencvh C-160 appearing from 1981 onwards; 29 examples.
C-160H "TACAMO" - Specialized French platform for nuclear submarine communications; 4 examples.
C-160G "GABRIEL" - SIGINT electronic surveillance platform (French); 2 examples.
C-160R - Upgraded (renovated) C-160F and C-160NG models to new standard.


Military lapel ribbon for Operation Allied Force
Military lapel ribbon for the Arab-Israeli War
Military lapel ribbon for the Battle of Britain
Military lapel ribbon for the Battle of Midway
Military lapel ribbon for the Berlin Airlift
Military lapel ribbon for the Chaco War
Military lapel ribbon for the Cold War
Military lapel ribbon for the Cuban Missile Crisis
Military lapel ribbon for pioneering aircraft
Military lapel ribbon for the Falklands War
Military lapel ribbon for the French-Indochina War
Military lapel ribbon for the Golden Age of Flight
Military lapel ribbon for the 1991 Gulf War
Military lapel ribbon for the Indo-Pak Wars
Military lapel ribbon for the Iran-Iraq War
Military lapel ribbon for the Korean War
Military lapel ribbon for the 1982 Lebanon War
Military lapel ribbon for the Malayan Emergency
Military lapel ribbon representing modern aircraft
Military lapel ribbon for the attack on Pearl Harbor
Military lapel ribbon for the Six Day War
Military lapel ribbon for the Soviet-Afghan War
Military lapel ribbon for the Spanish Civil War
Military lapel ribbon for the Suez Crisis
Military lapel ribbon for the Ukranian-Russian War
Military lapel ribbon for the Vietnam War
Military lapel ribbon for Warsaw Pact of the Cold War-era
Military lapel ribbon for the WASP (WW2)
Military lapel ribbon for the World War 1
Military lapel ribbon for the World War 2
Military lapel ribbon for the Yom Kippur War
Military lapel ribbon for experimental x-plane aircraft


Ribbon graphics not necessarily indicative of actual historical campaign ribbons. Ribbons are clickable to their respective aerial campaigns / operations / aviation periods.

Images Gallery



1 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
2 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
3 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
4 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
5 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
6 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
7 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
8 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
9 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
10 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160
11 / 11
Image of the Transall C-160

Similar Aircraft



Aviation developments of similar form and function, or related to, the Transall C-160...


Advertisements




Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Cookies


2023 Military Pay Chart Military Ranks DoD Dictionary Conversion Calculators Military Alphabet Code Military Map Symbols

The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered ® U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. Material presented throughout this website is for historical and entertainment value only and should not to be construed as usable for hardware restoration, maintenance, or general operation. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. No A.I. was used in the generation of this content; site is 100% curated by humans.

Part of a network of sites that includes GlobalFirepower, a data-driven property used in ranking the top military powers of the world, WDMMA.org (World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft), WDMMW.org (World Directory of Modern Military Warships), SR71blackbird.org, detailing the history of the world's most iconic spyplane, and MilitaryRibbons.info, cataloguing military medals and ribbons.

View day-by-day actions of the American Civil War with CivilWarTimeline.net. View day-by-day actions of World War II with SecondWorldWarHistory.com.


©2023 www.MilitaryFactory.com • All Rights Reserved • Content ©2003-2023 (20yrs)