Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber)

Jet-Powered Long-Range Heavy Bomber Proposal

Nazi Germany | 1945

"The Junkers contribution to the German wartime Amerika Bomber program was its Ju EF 140 design - originally based on the Horten P.18A."

Authored By: Staff Writer | Last Edited: 07/17/2018 | Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com | The following text is exclusive to this site; No A.I. was used in the generation of this content.

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What became the last Junkers wartime submission to the German Air Ministry during World War 2 (1939-1945) - the Junkers EF-140 (or "Project 140") - was actually a further development of the earlier Horten Ho P.18A flying wing bomber developed as part of the "Amerika Bomber" initiative. The initiative stemmed from the German need to generate a fleet of bombers capable of crossing the Atlantic and striking at major American cities along the east coast (hence the program's name). The bomber would have to possess inherently excellent range to reach these targets and return home after delivery of their war load. High altitude operation was a must for efficiency and to avoid interception by aircraft or ground-based fire.

Thanks to the Allied air raids wreaking havoc on German war-making facilities and infrastructure, the Germans lost their chance to advance an atomic weapons program and were forced along a more conventional route utilizing more conventional methods. This gave renewed attention to a long range bomber for delivery of a large drop-bomb load and various German air concerns through their hat into the ring to secure a Luftwaffe contract for a long range, heavy-hitter. Despite several design competitions to fulfill the requirement, no one company could promise that their new bomber would possess the range necessary.

The Horten Brothers (Walter and Reimar) were contacted during late 1944 due to their background in large, tailless "flying wing" aircraft that might fit the bill. Walter Horten responded with a possible submission which entailed use of no fewer than six Junkers Jumo 004 turbojet engines. The design was designated as the "P.18A" and Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goring himself championed the product.

In an effort to expedite development of the bomber, it was decided by the Air Ministry to involve the talents of multiple firms - a design-by-committee approach being favored rather than give the lead to the small Horten team. Manufacture of the aircraft would fall to the Junkers concern which held extensive experience in arranging large aircraft prior to, and during, the war. Other companies thrown into the mix were representatives of Arado and Messerschmitt. Because of the relentless Allied air raids, it was decided to build the prototype in a cave - adding an air of secrecy to the entire program.

The flying wing design being penciled out would be a fine delta-shape with swept-back mainplanes. The crew would number six and all were to be contained in a centralized section of the blended-body fuselage. A multi-wheeled undercarriage, wholly retractable, supported the design when at rest. The engine exhaust ports would be built into a straight section of the trailing wing edge while outboard trailing wing sections would conform to the sweep defined by the leading edge. Considering the vast internal make up of the aircraft, it could have carried large stores of fuel for the journey ahead as well as crew support systems and the bomb load (all bombs to be held internally). Defensive armament was 4 x remote-controlled barbettes fitting 30mm MK 108 automatic cannons - mainly to contend with interceptors. Two barbettes were positioned facing forward near the nose with the remaining to barbettes set to either side of the rudder structure, facing aft.

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The committee soon turned on the Horten design and felt that a vertical rudder should be added for stability and the turbojet engines be clustered as two groups of three engines each. Reimar Horten grew displeased with the whole notion of detracting from the streamlined, all-wing approach that originally existed - any sort of obstruction was sure to increase drag and reduce performance. To that end, the Hortens abandoned the project which carried on without them.

The bomber was christened with the designation of EF 140 as part of the Junkers brand label from this point on. The redesigned aircraft retained its general shape from the Horten submission but an interesting vertical structure was added that ran nearly from the nose of the aircraft well past the engine exhaust ports at rear. The crew compartment was worked into the base of this structure, heavily framed over to form the cockpit, while the nose - the point of the arrowhead - was glazed over for better observation by the bombardier. Due to the speeds and altitudes at play, each of the six crewmen would be granted ejection seats. As expected, the six engines were clustered in two groups of three and set to either side of the bomb bay area. The engine of choice became either the Junkers Jumo 004 or the competing BMW 003 turbojet series.

This is about all that constituted the EF 140 flying wing bomber. The design was not furthered into any physical form (not even wind tunnel models) and the situation for Germany deteriorated to such lengths that many of its aircraft projects (some quite fantastic in their scope) fell to naught by the end. As such, the EF 140 was one a myriad of "paper airplanes" never to see the light of day in the grand war. The Hortens, meanwhile, continued work on their P.18 and developed it into the P.18B which achieved Goring's personal approval. However, this initiative also went nowhere due to the lack of available material, manpower and funding. The end of the war signified the end of this flying wing project as well.

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Power & Performance
Those special qualities that separate one aircraft design from another. Performance specifications presented assume optimal operating conditions for the Junkers Ju EF 140 Jet-Powered Long-Range Heavy Bomber Proposal.

6 x Junkers Jumo 004 OR 6 x BMW 003 turbojet engines developing 2,205 lb of thrust each.
Propulsion

559 mph
900 kph | 486 kts
Max Speed

52,493 ft
16,000 m | 10 miles
Service Ceiling

6,835 miles
11,000 km | 5,940 nm
Operational Range

City-to-City Ranges
Operational range when compared to distances between major cities (in KM).

NYC

LON

PAR

BER

MOS

TOK

SYD

LAX

NYC

Structure
The nose-to-tail, wingtip-to-wingtip physical qualities of the Junkers Ju EF 140 Jet-Powered Long-Range Heavy Bomber Proposal.

6
(MANNED)
Crew

137.8 ft
(42.00 m)
O/A Width

Design Balance
The three qualities reflected below are altitude, speed, and range. The more full the box, the more balanced the design.

RANGE

ALT

SPEED

Armament
Available supported armament and special-mission equipment featured in the design of the Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber) Jet-Powered Long-Range Heavy Bomber Proposal .

PROPOSED STANDARD:
2 x 30mm MK 108 cannons in remote-controlled barbettes near nose section.
2 x 30mm MK 108 cannons in remote-controlled barbettes at base of tail unit.

OPTIONAL:
Up to 8,000 lb of internally-carried conventional drop ordnance.

Variants
Notable series variants as part of the Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber) family line.

Ju EF 140 - Base Project Designation

Project 140 - Alternative Project Designation

Operators
Global customers who have evaluated and/or operated the Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber). Nations are displayed by flag, each linked to their respective national aircraft listing.

Total Production: 0 Units
Contractor(s): Junkers - Nazi Germany

[ Nazi Germany ]

Relative Max Speed

Hi: 750mph

Lo: 375mph

Aircraft Max Listed Speed (559mph).

Graph Average of 563 MPH.

Era Crossover

Showcasing Aircraft Era Crossover (if any)

Max Alt Visualization

MACH Regime (Sonic)

Sub

Trans

Super

Hyper

HiHyper

ReEntry

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Image of the Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber)

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Mission Roles
Some designs are single-minded in their approach while others offer a more versatile solution to airborne requirements.

GROUND ATTACK

X-PLANE

Recognition
Some designs stand the test of time while others are doomed to never advance beyond the drawing board; let history be their judge.

Military lapel ribbon for the World War 2

Going Further...
The Junkers Ju EF 140 (Amerika Bomber) Jet-Powered Long-Range Heavy Bomber Proposal appears in the following collections:

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