Sopwith Dragon Biplane Fighter

Updated: 5/11/2016; Authored By Staff Writer; Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com

Sopwith Dragon

The Sopwith Dragon became a further evolution of the Sopwith Snipe and ordered at the close of World War 1.

The Sopwith "Snipe" single-seat, single-engine biplane fighter appeared during the latter stages of World War 1 (1914-1918) and nearly 500 of its kind were produced before the end - the last example operating into 1926. During April of 1918, the sixth prototype of the line was pulled aside and re-engined with the ABC "Dragonfly" 9-cylinder radial of 320 horsepower output which promised considerable performance gains. This form - lengthened nearly two feet to accommodate the new, heavier engine - became the Snipe Mk II for a time.

Despite the design showcasing engine issues early on, Royal Air force (RAF) authorities were convinced of its performance potential amidst the ongoing war and, in May-June of 1918, an order for thirty Dragonfly-engined Snipes was delivered. Before long, a new engine fit - the ABC Dragonfly IA radial of 360 horsepower was used - the 30-strong order for modified Snipes was cancelled and an order for three-hundred of the new "Dragonfly" fighters took their place.

As it stood, the Dragon was a conventional biplane fighter design for the period. It fitted its engine installation at the nose driving a two-blade propeller with the pilot seated directly aft. The tail unit consisted of a single vertical tail fin with low-mounted horizontal planes. The mainplanes were equal-span assemblies and connected to one another by way of parallel struts producing a twin bay configuration. The wings were fitted ahead of midships (with the area at the pilot's position cut-out) driving the aircraft's center-of-gravity forward. The main landing gear legs were wheeled and affixed to the fuselage by way of struts. Armament became the standard British fighter configuration of 2 x 0.303 Vickers machine guns synchronized to fire through the spinning propeller blades.

The aircraft held a maximum speed of 150 miles per hour with a service ceiling of 25,000 feet. Dimensions included a length of 21.8 feet, a wingspan of 31 feet, and a height of 9.5 feet.

A first-flight involving a prototype was had in 1918 and the early production stock became a mix of converted Snipe aircraft and new-build Dragons - the latter given horn-balanced upper ailerons for improved control and carried the aforementioned Dragonfly IA series engine. Eventually an order for three-hundred Dragonfly aircraft arrived while work was ongoing to alleviate the engine issues.

The end of the war came in November of 1918 and the original 300-strong production order was reduced to 200 examples. The engine troubles were never truly ironed out and the series managed an existence until April 1923 at which point it was deemed obsolete - many Dragonfly airframes remaining engine-less. It never formed a single RAF squadron despite its status as a standardized fighter design and eventually fell to the pages of military aviation history.

Sopwith Dragon Technical Specifications

Service Year: 1918
Type: Biplane Fighter
National Origin: United Kingdom
Manufacturer(s): Sopwith Aviation Company - United Kingdom
Production Total: 200

Structural (Crew Space, Dimensions and Weights)

Operating Crew (Typical): 1
Overall Length: 21.65 feet (6.6 meters)
Overall Width: 31.07 feet (9.47 meters)
Overall Height: 9.84 feet (3.00 meters)

Weight (MTOW): 2,138 lb (970 kg)

Installed Power and Standard Day Performance

Propulsion: 1 x ABC Dragonfly IA radial piston engine developing 360 horsepower while driving a two-bladed propeller in the nose.

Maximum Speed: 149 mph (240 kph; 130 knots)
Service Ceiling: 24,934 feet (7,600 meters; 4.72 miles)

Armament / Mission Payload

STANDARD:
2 x 0.303 (7.7mm) Vickers machine guns in fixed, forward-firing position over the nose.

Global Operators / Customers

United Kingdom

Model Variants (Including Prototypes)

"Dragon" - Base Series Name; based on the original Sopwith Snipe biplane fighter; 200 examples completed.

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