Specifications
Year: 1944
Status: Cancelled
Manufacturer(s): Arado Flugzeugwerke - Germany
Production: 0
Capabilities: Fighter; Interception; X-Plane;
Status: Cancelled
Manufacturer(s): Arado Flugzeugwerke - Germany
Production: 0
Capabilities: Fighter; Interception; X-Plane;
Crew: 1
Length: 18.70 ft (5.7 m)
Width: 16.57 ft (5.05 m)
Height: 4.95 ft (1.51 m)
Weight (MTOW): 3,307 lb (1,500 kg)
Length: 18.70 ft (5.7 m)
Width: 16.57 ft (5.05 m)
Height: 4.95 ft (1.51 m)
Weight (MTOW): 3,307 lb (1,500 kg)
Power: 1 x Walter HWK 109-509B rocket motor.
Speed: 556 mph (895 kph; 483 kts)
Ceiling: 3,281 feet (1,000 m; 0.62 miles)
Ceiling: 3,281 feet (1,000 m; 0.62 miles)
Operators: Nazi Germany (cancelled)
The Ar E.381 went through three major engineering revisions spanning a I, II and finally a III variant. Through its evolution, the fuselage design was enlarged and streamlined to a more acceptable form. In the end, the Ar E.381 III would become the closest version to mimic possible production models with the ability to be carried underneath an Arado Ar 234C-3 "Blitz" jet bomber. The parasite fighter itself would have been armed through 6 x RZ65 or 73 type spin-stabilized rockets and 1 x 30mm MK 108 cannon. Power to the airframe was to come from a Walter HWK 109-509B series rocket motor of limited endurance.
Perhaps the most interesting design element of the Ar E.381 III was the fact that the pilot was confined, in the prone position, at the nose of the vehicle which allowed the aircraft to be of a slim, aerodynamic profile and not require the use of a traditional cockpit. In the parasite fighter concept for the Germans, the Ar E.381 III would be attached to the underside of the Ar 234 bomber until taken to the desired altitude (about 3,281 feet or 1,000 meters) upon which the fighter would be released. From there, the Ar E.381 III would go into a dive and achieve a speed of up to 510 mph. It was during a second attack run that the rocket booster would be ignited. Once fuel was spent, the fighter would have to glide home and land under without power - the undercarriage consisting of a single skid running along the bottom of the fuselage (a braking parachute was also deployed to retard landing runs).
In theory, the Ar E.381III could conceivably make no more than two passes at a bomber formation before running out of fuel at which point the aircraft remained highly vulnerable to an enemy response.
The Ar E.381 was built to be simplistic, therefore all amenities such as heating were provided by the carrier craft until departure from the mothership. This sort of engineering kept the Ar E.381 light in operating weight and simple to produce in mass quantity. The aircraft was also designed to be taken apart into several major components consisting of the wing assembly, the fuselage and the tail section for ease of storage, transport and assembly.
In all, only a few mockups and airframes were constructed for further testing, with a reported unmanned air-towed version undergoing further trials, but ultimately the Ar E.381 remained an unfinished concept at best. In the end, the German Air Ministry decided against pursuing the idea of a parasite aircraft. About four wooden frames were all that was realized by the Arado program.
The E.381 as a parasite fighter held doubtful effectiveness - many attempts even with jet-powered types were made in the post-war years that also failed to deliver a quality concept. In theory the process held merit but, in practicality, the arrangement proved a complex offering that provided little more than traditional fighters already gave.
Armament
PROPOSED:
1 x 30mm MK 108 Automatic cannon
6 x RZ65 OR RZ73 spin-stabilized rockets.
Variants / Models
• Ar E.381 I - Initial Design Prototype Model
• Ar E.381 II - Redesigned Prototype Model
• Ar E.381 III - Redesigned and Improved Prototype Model
