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German Jets of World War 2


German scientists and engineers were well ahead of the world in terms of breaking ground on a new breed of fighters and bombers. Towards the end of the war, the Germans had begun experimenting with rocket-powered aircraft and ultimately jet fighters and bombers. Below is a listing of the creations assembled together. Some saw actual combat, others were intesting when the allied took over installations and still others never made it out of the design phase.

Aircraft development during this time fell into four categories - glider, propeller, rocket power and jet power. The Geman's accelerated the development in the rocket and jet powered testing, leading the world into the jet age. American, British and Soviet governments would eventually confiscate many of the German developmental aircraft and ultimately learn from them in developing their own jet-powered aircraft. The Korean War ushered in the world's first jet powered air war followed by the Vietnam War, which introduced the concept of guided munitions in the form of missiles (which incidentaly was under development by the German airforce during the latter half of WW2 as well).

 

Picture of the Arado 234 Blitz jet bomber

Arado Ar 234 Blitz
Year: Late 1944
Top Speed: 461 mph
Weapons: Rear-firing 20mm cannons; 2,000lbs of bombs

Results: Achieved operational combat status but used primarily as a high-speed reconnaissance aircraft over London.

   
Picture of the Bachem Ba 349 Natter

Bachem Ba 349 Natter
Year: 1945
Top Speed: 497 mph
Weapons: 24 Fohn 2.87 in unguided rockets in the nose

Results: 10 were deployed at Kirchheim as operational for combat duties but the sites were overrun by advancing allied forces before they would ever fly against allied bombers.

   
Picture of the Fieseler Fi 103R suicide fighter

Fieseler Fi 103R
Year: 1944
Weapons: Pilot-Guided suicide bomb; Warhead of 1,874 lbs

Results: This one-man 'suicide jet' never came to fruition after it's developmental phase concluded.

   
Picture of the Heinkel He 162 Volksjager jet fighter

Heinkel He 162 Volksjager (People's Fighter)
Year: 1944
Weapons: 2 x 30mm MK 108 Cannons or 2 x MG 151 Cannons in nose.

Results: Some 275 He 162's achieved operational combat status for unit I/JG 1 but never saw significant combat. The allies captured several of this type of fighter and returned it to the states for evaluation.

   
Picture of the Heinkel He 178 jet fighter

Heinkel He 178 - (Technology Demonstrator)
Year: 1939
Weapons: None

Results: This technology demonstrator was the world's first aircraft to fly soley on jet power. After in-depth testing, it was turned over to the Berlin Air Museum and ultimately damaged in an Allied air raid.

   
Picture of the Heinkel He 280 jet fighter

Heinkel He 280
Year: 1941
Weapons: 3 x Nose-Mounted 20mm MG 151 Cannons

Results: The world's first fighter-designed military jet plane was plagued with developmental problems and dropped in favor of the Messerschmitt Me 262.

   
Picture of the Henschel Hs 132 jet fighter

Henschel Hs 132
Year: Late 1945
Weapons: 1 x 1,102lb bomb (V1 model); proposed 2 x 20mm MG 151 cannons (V2 model) and 2 x MG 151 20mm cannons with 2 x MK 103 30mm cannons (V3 model)

Results: 3 versions ordered with just 1 (V1 model) reaching full construction completion. All examples captured by Soviet forces.

   
Picture of the Horton / Gotha 229 flying wing bomber

Horton Ho IX (Gotha Go 229) - Flying Wing
Year: 1943
Weapons: 4 x 30mm MK 103 Cannons

Results: Developed but never flown in combat due to the end of the war. Development house was overrun by advancing Allied forces and returned to America for further evaluation at wars end.

   
Picture of the Junkers Ju 287

Junkers Ju 287
Year: 1944
Weapons: Unknown gun armament in tail; 8,818 lbs of bombs

Results: The Junkers Ju 287 never went beyond the testing and developmental phase, ultimately being captured and turned over to Soviet forces.

   
Picture of the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter

Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe (Swallow)
Year: 1944
Weapons: 4 x MK 108 30mm Cannons in nose

Results: Plagued by developmental issues, the Me 262 went on to see operational combat status over Europe, ultimately succumbing to the advancing Allied ground forces.

   
Picture of the Me 163 Komet rocket plane

Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet (Comet)
Year: 1944
Weapons: 2 x 30mm MK 108 Cannons

Results: The rocket-powered 300 Me 163 Komets went on to see combat action over Europe, downing 9 confirmed Allied kills before wars end.

 

Other Notable Jet Aircraft from Axis and Allied Nations in Development During World War 2:

Caproni-Campini N1 (CC.2) - (Technology Demonstrator)
Year: 1940
Weapons: None

Nakajima Kikka
Year: 1945
Weapons: 2 x 30mm Type 5 Cannons in Nose; 1 x 1,102lb or 1,764lb bomb

Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka
Year: 1945
Weapons: Pilot-Guided Flying Bomb; Warhead of 2,646 lbs

de Havilland D.H.100 Vampire
Year: 1946
Weapons: 4 20mm Hispano Cannons under the nose

Gloster E.28/39 - (Technology Demonstrator)
Year: 1942
Weapons: None

Gloster Meteor
Year: 1944
Weapons: 4 x nose-mounted 20mm Hispano cannons

Bell P-59 Airacomet - (Technology Demonstrator)
Year: 1943
Weapons: 1 x 20mm M4 cannon; 3 x .50 caliber machine guns in nose

Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
Year: 1945
Weapons: 6 x .50 caliber machine guns in nose

Berez-Isa BI - (Technology Demonstrator)
Year: 1943
Weapons: 2 x nose mounted 20mm ShVAK cannon

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