Multiple Rocket Launch System (MLRS) Tracked Support Vehicle
United States | 1944
"Calliope systems were popularized in World War Two, though their battlefield effectiveness was subject to debate."
Power & Performance Those special qualities that separate one land system design from another. Performance specifications presented assume optimal operating conditions for the Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34) Multiple Rocket Launch System (MLRS) Tracked Support Vehicle.
Various: 1 x 9-cylinder Continental R-975 CI engine at 400 horsepower; 2 x General Motors GM 6-71 engines; 1 x Ford GAA V-8 engine; 1 x Chrysler WC Multibank engine; 1 x Caterpillar RD-1820 radial engine. Installed Power
24 mph 38 kph Road Speed
99 miles 160 km Range
Structure The physical qualities of the Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34) Multiple Rocket Launch System (MLRS) Tracked Support Vehicle.
5 (MANNED) Crew
19.4 ft 5.9 meters O/A Length
8.6 ft 2.62 meters O/A Width
9.0 ft 2.74 meters O/A Height
Armament & Ammunition Available supported armament, ammunition, and special-mission equipment featured in the design of the Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34) Multiple Rocket Launch System (MLRS) Tracked Support Vehicle.
60 x 4-6" rockets (launched from wooden tubes arranged over the existing turret structure).
AMMUNITION: Dependent on configuration. 10 to 60 rocket projectiles of various caliber.
Variants Notable series variants as part of the Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34) family line.
Rocket Launcher T34 "Calliope" - Rocket Artillery Vehicle; fitted with 60 x 4-6" rocket tubes.
Rocket Launcher T34E1 - Based on T34; fitted with 14 rocket tubes.
Rocket Launcher T34E2 - Based on T34; provision for launching 7.2" rockets.
Rocket Launcher T39 - Enclosed box mounting; 20 x 7.2" rockets.
Rocket Launcher T40 "WhizBang" - Fitted with 20 x 7.2" rockets.
M17 - Same as T40
Rocket Launcher T72 - Based on T34 with shorter tubes; never produced.
Rocket Launcher T73 - Based on T40; 10 x firing tubes; never produced.
Rocket Launcher T76 - Development Model; rocket launcher; based on M4A1 Sherman; fitted with 7.2 rocket launcher; sans main gun.
Rocket Launcher T105 - Development Model; rocket launcher; based on M4A1 Sherman; rockets fired from enclosed case; sans main gun.
Multiple Rocket Launcher T99 - Development Model; twin enclosed box mounts fitting 22 x 4.5" rockets.
The attempt to mate a multiple rocket launching system to a vehicle was nothing new by 1944. The Soviets were already finding successes with their Katyusha launchers against the Germans, who in turn had been fielding their Nebelwerfer weapons for some time. The general idea was to launch massive amounts of high-explosive munitions at distance against entrenched foes. Accuracy was of some concern though the sheer psychological effects of such a weapon lead some to believe this to be their only battlefield advantage. As a whole, the idea can be of under some debate as to the effectiveness of the Calliope system in a war planner's tool chest.
The Sherman Calliope first appeared onto the scene in France in 1944 as the T34 Calliope system. The system featured 60 x 107mm tubes mounted above the standard Sherman turret and operated directly with it in terms of elevation and direction. The rockets could be engaged from within and fired all at once.
Calliope systems offered up a large amount of indirect firepower with very little modifications needed to the system carrying it. The system need only be stationary and have the firing systems onboard. As such, rocket launching systems of all types were used throughout the war, mated to armored chassis, trucks and jeeps.
The Sherman Calliope appeared in various forms throughout the latter stages of the war - many never seeing combat. The few that did offered up modest successes and were showcased in Europe and the Pacific. The T40 "Whiz Bang" Sherman became the most identifiable of the type and saw combat action in the final year of the war. The T99 became the only Sherman Calliope system to feature a permanent Calliope fitting onto the standard Sherman tank turret.
Operators Global customers who have evaluated and/or operated the Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34). Nations are displayed by flag, each linked to their respective national land systems listing.
Total Production: 200 Units Contractor(s): State Factories - USA
[ United States ]
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Image from the Public Domain.
Going Further... The Sherman Calliope (Rocket Launcher, T34) Multiple Rocket Launch System (MLRS) Tracked Support Vehicle appears in the following collections:
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