Rumpler C.I Reconnaissance Biplane - History, Specs and Pictures

Authored By Staff Writer | Last Updated: 2/4/2013

The Rumpler C-series of biplane aircraft were introduced in 1915 and, amazingly, managed an existence throughout World War 1 into 1918.

Follow Military Factory on Facebook:

Trending on Military Factory:

Compare Aircraft
You Know You Want To

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles of the World Listing

UAVs
Eyes in the Skies

Top 10 Fighters
The Best of the Best

World War 2 Aircraft
Age of the Metal Monoplane

World War 1 Aircraft
Of Canvas and Wood

Vietnam War Aircraft
Last of the Gunfighters

Korean War Aircraft
Dance of the Jets

Recent Articles:

Lightweight by no means, the 7.58cm Minenwerfer was the most portable of the German trench mortars of WW1

Amidst budget constraints, the French Navy has managed to lease the all-modern L'Adroit P725 patrol vessel

The M108 of 1952 preceded the more famous M109 Paladin self-propelled gun series and saw action in Vietnam

Born as the M1 during World War 2, this howitzer became the M114 in 1962 and saw widespread use around the globe

The German invasion of 1941 was eventually undone with Soviet artillery such as the 100mm M1944 dual-role series

The EX 41 from Naval Ordnance Station Louisville became an abandoned multi-shot grenade launcher project

Whether known as the Blooper, Bloop Tube, Thumper or Thump-Gun, the M79 grenade launcher proved its worth

Temporarily unable to net itself F-16s or F-20s, Taiwan moved on to develop its own F-CK-1 "Ching-Kuo" fighter

When losses to IEDs started to mount, the US military turned to such MRAPs as the Navistar MaxxPro

Austrian-born engineer Edmund Rumpler settled his Rumpler Flugzeugwerke concern in 1909 and began by producing copies of the "Etrich Taube" reconnaissance aircraft. In time, he turned his attention to self-designed military-minded biplane scout aircraft for the German military with the onset of war in Europe (World War 1, 1914-1918). When war greeted Germany, Rumpler developed several notable designs that were fielded by the German air service (the "Luftstreitkrafte") and Navy among others. As both sides of the conflict dug in to experience the horrors of Trench Warfare, the once fluid war had bogged down to the point that all manner of weaponry was being considered and developed to unseat the enemy from his positions. The aircraft had arrived as a principle killing machine and Rumpler obliged this with the design of his "Rumpler C.I" of 1915.

Externally, the C.I was a conventionally-arranged biplane fighter with an upper and lower wing assembly joined by reinforced struts and cabling. The engine was mounted at the front of the tapered, slab-sided fuselage and capped at the rear by a single vertical tail fin and triangle-shaped horizontal planes. There were two open-air tandem-seat cockpits just aft of the engine, the pilot in front and the observer/gunner in back. The undercarriage was fixed in position and managed two landing wheels while the tail was supported by a simple skid. Power was served through a Mercedes D.III liquid-cooled inline piston engine delivering 160 horsepower allowing for a top speed of 94 miles per hour to be reached while operating as high as 16,580 feet. Endurance was listed at approximately four hours of flight time. Construction was traditional, consisting of wood and canvas which allowed the airframe to take a rather inordinate amount of abuse before succumbing.

As an armed scout (or "Fighting Scout") airplane, initial production models were delivered with a 7.92mm Parabellum MG14 series machine gun fitted to a trainable mount (a "Schneider Ring") at the rear cockpit. This position allowed the rear gunner to defend the critical "six" position of the aircraft from incoming intercepting threats. The ring mounting allowed some flexibility in managing the firing arc of the machine gun and was primarily limited by the long tail structure and rear fuselage. Later production models then instituted a fixed, forward-firing 7.92mm LMG 08/15 series machine gun - coupled with "interrupter" gear - to provide the pilot with his own forward armament. This machine gun was offset to the portside of the front fuselage while the interrupter unit allowed for firing through the spinning propeller blades. The C.I could, therefore, now engage targets in front of the aircraft, be they enemy airplanes or balloons or ground targets of opportunity. For tactical bombing sorties, the C.I could be further outfitted with up to 100 kilograms of drop ordnance under the wings which degraded performance to an extent. The C.I could, therefore, be called upon to undertake various mission types as required.

Introduced in 1915, the C.I gave a good account of itself once in wide-scale service. Pilots appreciated her strong and forgiving handling characteristics and the system, as a whole, provided a much needed boost to German scouting groups tangling with capable Allied pilots and their mounts. The two-man crew dispersed workload and provided two sets of "eyes in the skies" for identifying key enemy positions, maneuvers and targets while also scanning the skies for potential aerial threats and observation balloons over the battlefield. Aircraft such as the C.I proved critical for the German air service and was therefore split across multiple production lines beyond Rumpler facilities to include four other German firms. The aircraft was also taken into inventory by the Ottoman Air Force for combat in the East.

The Rumpler C.I was branched into two notable variant forms stemming from the base C.I production scout model before manufacture of the line ceased. This included the "C.Ia" which was delivered with an Argus As.III series engine of 180 horsepower and may have included a C.II designated aircraft of which little is known. A dedicated training mount of the base C.I was also developed and manufactured by Rumpler for the German air service for training of pilots and gunners. These were differentiated by their lack of a gun mounting ring at the rear observer's station as well utilization of the Benz Bz.III series 150-horsepower engine (Mercedes types were required of the frontline war effort). The C.I also formed the basis of the "Rumpler 6B" series of floatplane aircraft (detailed elsewhere on this site) which served through 88 examples with the German Navy during the war. Amazingly, the Rumpler C.I, debuting in 1915, would live to see operational service into early 1918 - something of an unheard of accomplishment considering the rate at which aerial technology was advancing during the conflict. It was not uncommon for some newly-minted aircraft to see a service life of just a few months before being replaced by more accomplished types, such was the expediency of war.

Poland, Latvia and Yugoslavia became post-war operators of the Rumpler C.I, ensuring its legacy would extend beyond the end of the war. Text ©2003-2013 www.MilitaryFactory.com • All Rights Reserved • No Reproduction Permitted
MilitaryFactory.com does NOT sell equipment/weaponry. Material presented throughout this website is for historical and entertainment value and should not to be construed as usable for hardware restoration, maintenance or general operation. Please consult manufacturers for such information. Our disclaimer. Email corrections / Comments to MilitaryFactory at Gmail dot com.

View All Images (1)

Specifications for the
Rumpler C.I
Reconnaissance Biplane

Country of Origin: Imperial Germany
Manufacturer: Rumpler Flugzeugwerke - Imperial Germany
Initial Year of Service: 1915
Production: 1,000

Focus Model: Rumpler C.I
Crew: 2

Length: 25.75ft (7.85m)
Width: 39.86ft (12.15m)
Height: 10.01ft (3.05m)
Weight (Empty): 2,094lbs (950kg)
Weight (MTOW): 2,932lbs (1,330kg)

Powerplant: 1 x Mercedes D.III water-cooled inline engine developing 160 horsepower.

Maximum Speed: 94mph (152kmh; 82kts)
Maximum Range: 360miles (580km)
Service Ceiling: 16,568ft (5,050m; 3.1miles)
Rate-of-Climb: 0 feet per minute (0m/min)

Hardpoints: 10
Armament Suite:
STANDARD:
1 x 7.92mm LMG 08/15 machine gun in fixed, forward-firing portside fuselage mounting firing through the spinning propeller.
1 x 7.92mm Parabellum MG14 machine gun on trainable mount in rear cockpit.

OPTIONAL:
Up to 100kg of external stores.

Variants:
C.I - Base Military Designation

C.Ia - Fitted with Argus As.III engine of 180 horsepower.

C.II

5A 2 - Rumpler Company Designation

6B - Single-Seat Floatplane Fighter Variant

Operators:
Imperial Germany; Latvia; Poland; Ottoman Empire (Turkey); Yugoslavia

ALL AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES

BY DECADE:

• 1900 to 1909
• 1910 to 1919
• 1920 to 1929
• 1930 to 1939
• 1940 to 1949
• 1950 to 1959
• 1960 to 1969
• 1970 to 1979
• 1980 to 1989
• 1990 to 1999
• 2000 to 2009
• 2010 to 2019
• 2020 to 2029
• VIEW ALL
• Compare Aircraft